湖南省德夯风景名胜区野生有毒植物资源研究
2021-09-05谭璐陈加蓓周雯颜静茹向晓媚陈功锡
谭璐 陈加蓓 周雯 颜静茹 向晓媚 陈功锡



摘 要:为进一步了解湖南省德夯风景名胜区有毒植物资源现状,通过野外调查、标本整理及文献查阅等方法,对其有毒植物资源进行统计分析,结果表明:该区有毒植物共有67科144属190种;含种数在9种以上的优势科有6科,分别是豆科、菊科、毛茛科、大戟科、芸香科和蓼科;含种数在5种及以上的优势属有2属,分别是花椒属和萹蓄属;生活习性以草本为主。有毒部位以全株有毒为主,毒性以小毒为主,剧毒仅9种,分别为萱草、响铃豆、美丽马醉木、博落回、巴豆、毛瑞香、棘茎楤木、刺楸和砚壳花椒。有毒化学成分复杂,以生物碱类为有毒化学成分的植物最多,毒理类型以神经系统毒和黏膜刺激性毒的种类较多。
关键词:有毒植物;植物资源;德夯风景名胜区
中图分类号:S609.9
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1008-0457(2021)03-0062-07
国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.010
Study on Wild Poisonous Plant Resources in Dehang Scenic Spot of Hunan Province
TAN Lu1,2,CHEN Jiabei1,2,ZHOU Wen1,YAN Jingru1,XIANG Xiaomei1,2,CHEN Gongxi1,2*
(1.School of Pharmacy,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China;2.Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization,Jishou University,Jishou,Hunan 416000,China)
Abstract:
In order to understand the situation of poisonous plant resources in the Dehang,scenic spot of Hunan province,the wild poisonous plant resources were statistically analyzed through the methods of field investigation,specimens,and literature review.
The results indicated that there were190 species of poisonous plants belonging to 144 genera and 67 familiesin this area,The dominant families of poisonous plants with more than 9 species,were Leguminosae,Compositae,Ranunculaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Rutaceae and Polygonaceae.The dominant genera of poisonous plants,ontaining 5 or more specieswere Zanthoxylum and Polygonum,the life-form of the poisonous plants was mainly Herbaceous.The poisonous parts were mainly toxic to the whole plant,with mainly mild toxicity,there were only 9 kinds of highly poisonous plants,they were Hemerocallis fulva,Crotalaria albida,Pieris formosa,Macleaya cordata, Croton tiglium, Daphne kiusiana, Aralia echinocaulis, Kalopanax septemlobus and Zanthoxylum dissitum.Toxic chemical components of plants were complex,which were mostly alkaloids.The types of toxicology were mainly nervous system poisoning and mucosal irritant poisoning.
Keywords:
poisonous plants;plant resources;Dehang scenic spot
有毒植物一般指對人和家畜等能产生有害作用的植物,其有毒化学成分主要包括非蛋白氨基酸、生物碱、萜类、甙类、酚类衍生物、无机化合物和简单有机化合物等[1]。有毒植物在现实生活中扮演着重要的角色,一方面是具有重要价值的植物资源,可作为药用植物、工业用植物等进行开发利用;但另一方面又可能给人和家畜带来危害。据报道统计,近10年来因有毒植物中毒的病例达近40 000例[2]。因此,积极开展有毒植物资源研究,不仅能更好的利用有毒植物资源,还能为有效减少有毒植物对人和家畜的伤害做出贡献。
德夯风景名胜区位于我国第二阶梯至第三阶梯过渡地带,是湖南湘西世界地质公园的重要组成部分,同时亦为地质公园、森林公园、湿地公园“三园”结合部。……
