杨礼旦 陈应强 杨学成 王安文

摘 要：為摸清台江县的古树、大树资源，采用实地调查、文献查阅、走访等方法，对台江县境内古树名木的种类、数量、树龄、保护级别、分布及植物区系特征进行了实测调查和分析。结果表明：台江县古树大树有27科49属62种，共879株，其中裸子植物5科8属9种，计375株;被子植物22科41属53种，计504株;柏木、枫香树、南方红豆杉、台湾杉为台江县的古树的优势种，共计443株，占总株数的50.40%;一级古树7株，二级古树26株，三级古树846株;古树属的分布特点是以温带分布占优势，表现为植物区系热带至亚热带向温带过渡，同时中国特有分布属较为丰富的特点;古树从海拔510～1305 m都有分布，多分布于600～850 m;有珍稀古树269株，占古树株数的30.60%;该县古树在区系成分上与锦屏县、玉屏县组成相近，但在中国特有分布属上具有明显的优势。

关键词：古树;大树;资源特征;植物区系;台江县

中图分类号：S79

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）03-0054-08

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.009

Analysis on the Characteristics of Ancient Tree Resources in Taijiang County

YANG Lidan*，CHEN Yingqiang，YANG Xuecheng，WANG Anwen

（Forestry Bureau of Taijiang County，Guizhou Province，Taijiang，Guizhou 556300，China）

Abstract：

In order to find out the resources of ancient trees and big trees in Taijiang County，the species，quantities，ages，protection levels，distribution and flora characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Taijiang county were investigated and analyzed by means of field survey methods，literature review and interview. The results showed that there were 879 ancient trees，belong to 62 species，49 genera and 27 families in Taijiang County，including 5 families，8 genera and 9 species of gymnosperms，totaling 375 plants; 22 families，41 genera and 53 species of angiosperms，totaling 504 plants，Cupressus funebris Liquidambar formosana，Taxus chinensis var. mairei，and Taiwania cryptomerioides dominant species of old trees in Taijiang County，with a total of 443 trees，accounting for 50.40% of the total number of trees.Among them，7 first-class ancient trees，26 second-class ancient trees，and 846 third-class ancient trees distributed in Taijiang. The distribution characteristics of ancient trees in Taijiang county were mainly temperate distribution，which is characterized by the transition from tropical to subtropical flora to temperate flora，and the abundance of endemic genera in China; the ancient trees in Taijiang county were distributed from 510 m～1305 m above sea level，mostly at 600 m～850 m. There were 269 rare ancient trees in Taijiang County，accounting for 30.60% of the total number of ancient trees. Taijiang county is rich in rare ancient tree resources. The flora composition of the ancient tree was similar to that of Jinping County and Yuping County，but it had obvious advantages in endemic genera of China.

Keywords：

ancient trees;big trees;resource characteristics;flora;Taijiang county

古树、大树资源是国家的重要资源。古树，是指树龄在100 a以上的树木。古树分为国家一、二、三级。一级古树树龄在500 a以上，二级古树树龄300～499 a，三级古树树龄在100～299 a;大树，是指胸径在100 cm以上的树木，是优良基因遗留的载体，是地质、气候等环境变化及人类历史活动的见证者，同时也是中华民族悠久传统文化的象征。古树蕴藏的珍贵物种基因在整个生物圈中起着重要的作用，维护着自然界生态平衡，与人类社会的持续发展息息相关[1]。目前贵州有黔南[2]、石阡[3]、平坝[4]、麻江[5]、锦屏[1]、玉屏[6]等地对古树资源的分布特征有过研究报道，但台江尚未有过详尽的研究报道。……