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铁皮石斛终极腐霉对10种生物农药及其组合的敏感性

2021-09-05贺民荣王晓敏田旭军郭真香廖逊李荣玉李明

山地农业生物学报 2021年3期

贺民荣 王晓敏 田旭军 郭真香 廖逊 李荣玉 李明

摘 要:为明确铁皮石斛终极腐霉对10种生物农药的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种生物农药及其组合对终极腐霉的室内毒力。结果表明:0.3%四霉素AS、1%申嗪霉素SC、0.3%丁子香酚SL、1%蛇床子素EW均对终极腐霉菌丝生长的抑制效果较好,其EC50值分别为0.13、0.21、0.29、5.04 mg/L;而8%宁南霉素AS、10%多抗霉素WP、6%春雷霉素WP对终极腐霉菌丝生长的抑制效果较差,其EC50值分别为126.15、278.86、316.62 mg/L。协同作用结果显示:蛇床子素·申嗪霉素等8个组合对抑制铁皮石斛终极腐霉菌丝生长均具有增效作用,其中,蛇床子素·申嗪霉素按有效质量比(1∶10)、丁子香酚·申嗪霉素按有效质量比(1∶5)增效均较为显著,其CTC分别为383.40、220.12,EC50值分别为0.06、0.10 mg/L,其结果可为铁皮石斛软腐病(终极腐霉)田间防治提供参考。

关键词:铁皮石斛;软腐病;终极腐霉;生物农药

中图分类号:S432

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2021)03-0042-06

国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.007

Sensitivity of Pythium ultimum to 10 Biological Pesticides and Their Mixtures

HE Minrong 1,WANG Xiaomin2,TIAN Xujun1,GUO Zhenxiang1,3,LIAO Xun1,3,LI Rongyu1,3*,LI Ming1,3

(1.Institute of Crop Protection,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;2.Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China;3.The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

Abstract:

In order to clarify the sensitivity of Pythium ultimum on Dendrobium officinale to 10 biological pesticides,the indoor toxicity of 10 biological pesticides and their mixtures to P.ultimum was determined by the mycelial growth rate.The results showed that 0.3% tetramycin AS,1% shenzinomycin SC,0.3% eugenol SL,1% osthole EW all had better inhibition effects against the growth of P.ultimum,and their EC50 values were 0.13,0.21,0.29 and 5.04 mg/L,respectively.while 8% ningnanmycin AS,10% polyoxin WP and 6% kasugamycin WP have poor inhibition effects against the growth of P.ultimum,Their EC50 values were 126.15,278.86 and 316.62 mg/L,respectively.The synergistic effect showed that 8 combinations had an excellent synergistic effect on inhibiting the growth of P.ultimum including osthole·shenazine,among them,osthole and shenzinomycin (ratio of 1∶10),eugenol and Shenzinomycin (ratio of 1∶5) exited better synergistic effect,with CTC of 383.40,220.12,and EC50 values of 0.06,0.10 mg/L,respectively.The results chould provide reference for the field to control of soft rot of D.candidum.

Keywords:

Dendrobium officinale;soft rot; Pythium ultimum;biological pesticide

石斛產业是贵州省十二大特色产业之一,贵州省独特的气候、地貌、森林资源等为石斛产业快速发展提供了条件。其中,铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)栽植区域分布最广且面积最大,属于兰科石斛属植物,是一种名贵的中药材。中医药古典记载,铁皮石斛具有“滋阴清热,益胃生津”之功效;现代医学研究表明,其还具有增强免疫、抗疲劳、抗氧化、降血糖、降血压、抗肝损伤、抗肿瘤等方面药理作用。随着产业化的关键技术被解决,铁皮石斛形成了规模化种植,至2019年贵州省栽植面积已达1233.76 hm2,但大面积种植导致病害发生严重,主要为白绢病……

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