臧丽鹏 张广奇 何跃军 刘庆福 陈丹梅

摘 要：马尾松是我国低山丘陵地区造林的主要用材树种之一，近自然经营是人工林管理的一种有效途径，也是马尾松人工林生态经营的关键技术。为探究近自然经营对马尾松人工林林下物种多样性及共存的影响，研究选取中龄林间伐和近熟林择伐的近自然经营马尾松人工林为对象，通过样地调查、多样性对比及模型拟合等方法探究近自然经营对马尾松人工林林下灌木、草本群落多样性格局及潜在生态过程的影响。结果表明，近自然经营8年后，灌木、草本群落α物种多样性变化显著。灌木群落的物种组成与经营前差异明显，物种共存机制由生态位向中性过程逐渐转化;近自然经营对草本群落的物种组成和物种共存机制无显著影响，地域差异对物种组成及物种共存影响更大。

关键词：物种共存;种多度分布模型;近自然林经营;马尾松人工林

中图分类号：Q948.1

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）03-0021-08

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.004

Effects of Close-to-Nature Management on Biodiversityand Species Coexistence of Shrubs and Herbs in Pinus massoniana Monoculture Plantations of Central Guizhou

ZANG Lipeng，ZHANG Guangqi，HE Yuejun*，LIU Qingfu，CHEN Danmei

（Institute Center of Forest Ecology，College of Forestry，Guizhou University，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China）

Abstract：

Pinus massoniana is one of the most important afforestation tree species in China.Close-to-nature management is one of the most efficient theories for managing plantations，andit is also a key technique in managing P.massoniana monoculture plantations.The study conducted two dominant managements （intermediate cutting in half-mature forests and selective cutting in near-mature forests） on P.massoniana monoculture plantations.By investigating community，comparing diversity patterns and fitting models，we explored the effects of close-to-nature management on diversities and potential ecological processes of shrubs and herbs communities.Results showed that the α-diversity indexes varied significantly after 8-years close-to-nature managing.The species composition of shrub community was significantly different from that before the management.The mechanism of species coexistence of shrubs gradually changed from niche to neutral process.There was no obvious variation in species composition and mechanisms of species coexistence of herbs communities.However，it seemed that the geographic locationshad a greater impact on species composition and ecological process of herbs compared with management.

Keywords：

mechanisms of species coexistence;Species abundance distribution;Close-to-nature management;Pinus massoniana monoculture plantations

森林作為最重要的陆地生态系统，在调节气候、提供生态系统服务等方面均发挥主导作用。然而，随着人类活动的日益加剧，森林生态系统退化严重[1- 2]。有研究表明，全球森林面积呈现总体下降趋势，但人工林面积却以200～300万公顷/年的速度增加;可见，人工林在生态系统服务等方面发挥的作用日趋重要[3]。马尾松具有耐瘠薄、干旱等特性，是我国南方低山丘陵地区的主要造林树种之一。尽管大面积分布的马尾松人工林有较大的径材产出，但也存在林相单一、养分循环较差、立地退化、生态系统脆弱等缺点[4]。……