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东洞庭湖沿岸带浮游生物群落结构与多样性分析

2021-09-05罗华辉汪小冬魏朝宇谢永广陈敦学

山地农业生物学报 2021年3期

罗华辉 汪小冬 魏朝宇 谢永广 陈敦学

摘 要:为探究东洞庭湖沿岸带浮游生物多样性与空间分布特征,在2018年8月对东洞庭湖沿岸带浮游生物多样性进行了调查研究。调查结果显示东洞庭湖沿岸带共有浮游植物7门54属92种,浮游植物平均密度和生物量分别为96.46×104 ind/L和2.0240 mg/L,以硅藻和绿藻为优势种。浮游动物共34属55种,浮游动物平均密度和生物量分别为1402.86 ind/L和5.51 mg/L,浮游动物分布以轮虫为主。生物量上,浮游植物以S6(君山区沿湖3)生物量最大,浮游动物以S8(君山区沿湖5)生物量最大,利用Shannon Wiener指數分析,东洞庭湖目前生物多样性有减少趋势,且水质属于轻度污染状态。

关键词:浮游生物;东洞庭湖;优势种;Shannon Wiener指数;密度

中图分类号:Q179.1

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2021)03-0015-06

国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.03.003

The Structure and Diversity Analysis of Plankton Community in the Coastal Zone of East Dongting Lake

LUO Huahui1,WANG Xiaodong2,WEI Zhaoyu1,XIE Yongguang1,CHEN Dunxue1*

(1.College of Animal Science/Research center of fishery resources and environment,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;2.College of Animal Science,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410003,China)

Abstract:

In order to explore the spatial variations and biodiversity of the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the East Dongting lake,the surveys were carried out in the coastal zone in August,2018.The results showed that 92 species of phytoplankton belonging to 54 genera and 7 phylum in the coastal zone of East Dongting lake,dominated by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta.The average density and biomass values of phytoplankton were 96.46×104 ind/L and 2.0240 mg/L.A total of 55 zooplankton species from 34 genera were identified with the average density and biomass values of 1402.86 ind/L and 5.51 mg/L,respectively.Among them,that was dominated by Rotifera.On the spatial distribution,the highest biomass of phytoplankton was S6,while zooplankton was S8.The results demonstrated that the species diversity is declining by Shannon Wiener index analysis,and the water environmental parameters was light pollution.

Keywords:

Plankton;East dongting lake;dominant species;Shannon Wiener;density

洞庭湖位于湖南省北部、长江南岸,分为东西南三个区域,其中东洞庭湖位于湖南省岳阳市,介于北纬28°59″~ 29°38″,东经112°43″~ 113°15″之间,地处亚热带湿润气候区,日照充足,雨量充沛,年均气温17℃,是中国政府指定的21个国际重要湿地自然保护区之一,具有重要的生态价值。

浮游生物作为水体食物网的基础,为其他大型水生生物提供重要的生物饵料,对环境变化极其敏感,其分布状况、种类和数量在一定情况下可以作为水体环境监测指标[1]。加强涉水信息收集和共享,突出全过程节约管理,加大自然生态系统和环境保护力度是生态文明建设的重要内容。近年来,受山峡大坝蓄水影响,洞庭湖入湖水量严重减少,换水周期延长,氮、磷等污染物浓度增加迅速[2-3],同时随着湖区经济的发展,入湖河流污染通量及周边污染物都在迅速加大,且入湖氮、磷以硝态氮和磷酸盐为主[4-6],进一步加速了水体浮游生物的生长[7]。……

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