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不同水肥组合滴灌对黄花菜产量及土壤水分的影响

2021-09-03程良李应海李金泽

安徽农业科学 2021年14期

程良 李应海 李金泽

摘要 [目的]研究不同水肥处理对宁夏中部干旱带土壤水分及黄花菜产量的影响,探索适合该地区的黄花菜灌溉制度。[方法]试验选用甘肃大乌嘴为材料,采用正交试验设计方法设置了低水(W1)2 250 m3/hm2、中水(W2)3 000 m3/hm2、高水(W3)3 750 m3/hm2,低肥(F1)450 kg/hm2、中肥(F2)675 kg/hm2、高肥(F3)900 kg/hm2,以当地农户滴灌种植方式为对照(CK),共10个组合处理。[结果]农户滴灌种植方式与不同滴灌水肥一体化灌溉处理间土壤含水率均在各次灌水后发生显著变化,随着灌水量的增大,各层土壤含水率相应增大,20~40 cm土层土壤含水率最大,为5.54%~28.29%;处理组黄花菜产量总体上高于对照组,黄花菜产量随着灌水量与施肥量的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。[结论]黄花菜在丰水年下滴灌水肥一体化灌溉最优的是W2F2处理,该处理下黄花菜产量为15 417 kg/hm2。

关键词 宁夏中部干旱带;黄花菜;滴灌;水肥一体

中图分类号 TV 93;S 274  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)14-0188-03

Abstract [Objective] To study the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on soil moisture content and the yield of daylily in the central arid zone of Ningxia, and explore the suitable irrigation schedule for daylily. [Method] Dawuzui, Gansu Province was used as the test materials in the experiment. The orthogonal design method was used to set 10 combinations of low water (W1) 2 250 m3/hm2, medium water (W2) 3 000 m3/hm2, high water(W3) 3 750 m3/hm2, low fertilizer(F1) 450 kg/hm2, medium fertilizer(F2) 675 kg/hm2, high fertilizer(F3) 900 kg/hm2, with local farmers drip irrigation method as control (CK). [Result]Compared with local farmers drip irrigation method(CK),  the soil moisture content in different waterfertilizer integrated drip irrigation treatments had significant changes after each irrigation. With the increase of irrigation water amount, the moisture content in each soil layer increased,and the moisture content in 20-40 cm soil layer was the highest(5.54%-28.29%). The yield of daylily in treatment groups was higher than that in control group, and the yield of daylily in treatment groups increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation water amount and fertilization amount.  [Conclusion] W2F2 was the best irrigation treatment for daylily in high water year, and the yield of daylily under this treatment was 15 417 kg/hm2.

Key words Central arid zone of Ningxia; Daylily; Drip irrigation; Integration of water and fertilizer

作者簡介 程良(1997—),男,陕西汉中人,硕士研究生,研究方向:节水灌溉。*通信作者,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,从事节水灌溉研究。

收稿日期 2020-10-22

宁夏中部干旱带位于西北内陆,远离海洋,干旱少雨、蒸发强烈的气候特点导致了该区域水资源的极其匮乏[1-2],加之近20年来气候变化导致气候变化波动加剧,农业不稳定性增加,春夏季干旱加剧,干旱时间延长,对该地区造成的损失增大[3];同时,水资源利用效率较低这一问题严重制约着该区域农业生产和社会经济的发展[4-5]。黄花菜因其多年生、兼具食药价值、产量较高、投入相对较少等特点,正逐渐成为新型的蔬菜产业,同时也是宁夏近几年新引进的经济作物,但其产业发展同时又受制于该区水资源匮乏现状[6-7]。……

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