魏磊 王伟 侯玥莹 谢晓阳 周雍 陈飞 刘雨晴 崔炜 王韬 景炳年

摘要 [目的]优化葛叶总黄酮提取工艺，并分析其抑菌抗氧化活性。[方法]以黄酮类化合物的提取量为响应值，在单因素试验的基础上，以乙醇浓度、液料比、超声温度、超声时间为因素，采用响应面法优化葛叶总黄酮的超声提取工艺。采用二倍稀释法测定葛叶总黄酮对7种常见致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），以考察其抗菌活性，并通过测定OH-、DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除活性来考察其抗氧化活性。[结果]葛叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度85%，液料比48∶1（mL∶g），超声温度73 ℃，超声时间90 min，验证试验结果表明黄酮提取量为26.38 mg/g，接近理论值;抗菌活性研究结果表明，葛叶总黄酮的最小抑菌浓度为4～32 mg/mL，表明葛叶总黄酮具有较强的广谱抗菌作用;OH-、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除试验IC50分别为1.78、1.58和0.86 mg/mL，表明葛叶总黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。[结论]该研究可为葛叶黄酮资源的开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词 葛叶总黄酮;响应面分析;提取优化;抗菌;抗氧化

中图分类号 R 284  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0152-05

Abstract [Objective]The objective is to optimize the ultrasonic extraction technology of total flavonoids from  Pueraria lobate  leaves （FPL） and investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. [Method]Using the extraction amount of flavonoids as response value， the ultrasonic extraction technology of FPL was optimized by response surface methodology on the basis of single factor test with ethanol concentration， liquidsolid ratio， ultrasonic temperature and time as factors. The minimal inhibit concentration （MIC） of FPL on 7 kinds of common pathogens were detected by double broth dilution method， so as to investigate antibacterial activities， and the antioxidant activities were investigated through the measurement of OH-， DPPH， and ABTS scavenging activity. [Result]The results showed optimal ultrasonic extraction technology of FPL included ethanol concentration 85%， liquidsolid ratio 48∶1（mL∶g）， ultrasonic temperature 73 ℃ and time 90 min. Under these conditions， the amount of flavonoids was 26.38 mg/g. Measured value agreed well with predicted value. Results of antibacterial activities study showed that MIC were in the range of 4-32 mg/mL. FPL showed significant antibacterial activities. The IC50 of OH-，DPPH， and ABTS scavenging activity were 1.78， 1.58 and 0.86 mg/mL， respectively. And the scavenging effect has a doseeffect relationship with the concentration of FPL. The optimized ultrasonic extraction technology of FPL is stable and feasible. [Conclusion] The results can provide a scientific basis for the exploitation and utilization of flavonoids resources of  Pueraria lobate  leaves.

Key words Total flavonoids of  Pueraria lobate  leaves;Response surface methodology;Extraction optimization;Antibacterial;Antioxidant

基金項目 河南省科学院基本科研项目（200613024）;河南省科学院科技开放合作项目（200913009）。

作者简介 魏磊（1986—），男，河南新乡人，助理研究员，博士，从事中药化学研究。*通信作者，助理研究员，博士，从事植物化学及分子生物学研究。

收稿日期 2020-11-16;修回日期 2020-12-24

葛（ Pueraria lobate ）为豆科葛属多年生藤本植物，除新疆、青海和西藏以外，分布全国[1]。葛全身是宝，经济价值很高。根入药，有解表退热、生津止渴、升阳止泻的功能[2];叶有收敛止血、消肿止痛等作用，主治创伤出血、跌打损伤[3]。……