高杰军 于豪杰 王家嘉 汪霄 吴萍萍 李虹颖 李录久

摘要 [目的]研究不同玉米秸秆还田量对砂姜黑土区小麦生长和产量的影响，探讨长期秸秆还田适宜用量。[方法]采用田间小区定位试验，设置0、1 500、3 000、4 500和6 000 kg/hm2共5个玉米干秸秆还田量，小麦收获期考察产量结构性状，测定籽粒产量。[结果]实施玉米秸秆粉碎直接还田对后季小麦生长发育有促进作用，第一个试验年度产量提高3.50%～7.10%，平均增长4.95%，3 000 kg/hm2的中等秸秆量处理小麦产量最高。长期玉米秸秆直接还田对后季小麦籽粒产量有重要影响。与对照相比，4个年度试验，4个秸秆还田量处理的增产幅度分别为1.96%～6.31%、1.87%～5.87%、0.76%～8.70%和 2.27%～8.58%，平均增产5.12%、3.63%、4.31%和6.27%，幅度逐渐增大，后2个年度的增产效应达显著水平，显示了稳定的增产效果。[结论] 当前生产条件下，淮北平原砂姜黑土地区，玉米长期秸秆适宜还田量为4 500 kg/hm2左右。

关键词 秸秆长期直接还田;小麦产量;淮北砂姜黑土

中图分类号 S 141.4;S 512.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0143-03

Abstract [Objective]To explore the effects of different amounts of corn straw returning on wheat growth and yield planting in lime concretion black soil，field positioning experiments were conducted，so as to explore the suitable amounts of corn straw returned to the field for the long term.[Method] A located field experiment was conducted in Linquan County of Anhui Province during 2012-2017.Five treatments of different amounts of corn straw returning were set up，including 0 kg/hm2 （S0），1 500 kg/hm2 （S1500），3 000 kg/hm2 （S3000），4 500 kg/hm2 （S4500） and 6 000 kg/hm2 （S6000）.After harvest each year，the wheat grain and yield component traits were measured.[Result]Corn straw returning could promote the growth and development of wheat following corn.The wheat yield under treatments with different amounts of corn straw returning increased 3.50%-7.10% than S0 treatment in 2012-2013，and the average yield increased 4.94%.The wheat yield was the highest under the treatment of 3 000 kg/hm2 corn straw returning amounts after one season.Compared with S0 treatment，the yields were increased by 1.96%-6.31%， 1.87%-5.87%，0.76%-8.70% and 2.27%-8.58% in 2012-2017，and the average yield increased 5.12%，3.63%，4.31% and 6.27%.The longterm corn straw returning agricultural strategies was confirmed to have a stable yieldimprovement effect in winter wheat production and the yield increased significantly in the later 2 years.[Conclusion]Under the current wheat production conditions，the suitable longterm corn straw returning amount which could increase wheat growth and yield significantly was about 4 500 kg/hm2 in lime concretion black soil of Huaibei Plain.

Key words Longterm corn straw returning;Wheat yield;Lime concretion black soil in Huaibei Area

基金項目

国家重大研发专项“长江流域小麦化肥减施增效技术”（2018YFD0200505）;国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD05B02）。

作者简介 高杰军（1966—），男，安徽临泉人，高级农艺师，从事试验研究和农业技术推广工作。*通信作者，研究员，从事土壤肥料研究。

收稿日期 2021-02-08

临泉县位于安徽省西北部，北、南、西3面均与河南省接壤，是全国第一的人口大县。据统计，截至2019年末，全县总人口为230.7万。全县国土总面积为1 838.8 km2，其中耕地面积约为12.34万hm2[1]，人均耕地面积仅有0.053 hm2，远低于全国人均耕地面积0.093 hm2的水平，人多地少的矛盾极为突出。……