周国容 傅小霞 余铭杰 温志 江奕伟 伍成厚 李坚 谭梓轩 卢意琳 郑育芬

摘要 [目的]研究夏季施肥對三角梅苗木营养生长和叶片SPAD值的影响，为三角梅苗木标准化生产提供参考。[方法]采用小叶紫花三角梅1.5年生扦插苗，在夏季采用平衡复合肥进行了水肥[100～1 000倍（ m/V ）]和干肥（10～40 g/盆）的施肥试验，通过测定植株营养生长指标和叶片SPAD值，探讨不同施肥方法和浓度对三角梅苗木生长的影响。[结果]在夏季施平衡复合肥可以显著促进三角梅苗期的新梢生长和冠幅的扩张。水肥100倍、干肥10、40 g/盆的新梢生长量最高，水肥300～700倍次之，水肥1 000倍生长量最低，但与清水对照（CK）均达到极显著差异水平。CK与施肥处理的冠幅差异极显著，但各施肥处理之间的植株冠幅差异仅达到显著水平，施肥对苗木株高的影响不显著。叶片的SPAD值为44.5～49.2，CK和施用水肥100～1 000倍叶片SPAD值均处于较高水平，差异不明显，但施用干肥处理的苗木叶片SPAD值降低，且达到极显著水平。[结论]夏季施平衡复合肥可以促进三角梅苗木营养生长，建议采用浓度300～700倍的水肥。

关键词 三角梅;苗木;平衡复合肥;营养生长;SPAD值

中图分类号 S 685.99  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0110-03

Abstract [Objective] This paper studied the effects of summer fertilization on vegetative growth and leaf SPAD value of  Bougainvillea glabra  seedlings， in order to provide fertilization references for standardization production of seedlings. [Method] Using the 1.5yearold cutting seedlings of  Bougainvillea glabra  as material， the fertilization was studied by diluting 100 to 1 000 times of water or direct fertilized 10 g to 40 g solid fertilizer per pot with balanced compound fertilizer in summer. The effects of different fertilization methods and concentrations on the growth of  Bougainvillea glabra  seedlings were studied by measuring the vegetative growth index and the value of SPAD in leaves. [Result] Application of compound fertilizer in summer can significantly promote the growth of shoots and the expansion of crown width.  The shoot growth of water fertilization 100 times（ w/v ），10 g and 40 g per pot of solid fertilizer were the highest， the liquid fertilizer of 300 to 700 times was the second best，1 000 times the lowest， but all these with clear water control reached a very significant difference level.  The difference of crown width between the control and fertilization treatments was very significant， but the difference among fertilization treatments was only significant. The effect of fertilization on seedling height was not significant.  SPAD values of leaves ranged from 44.5 to 49.2. The SPAD values were at higher level on the control and with 100 to 1 000 times of liquid fertilizer treatments， but the values with solid fertilizer decreased to a very significant level， showed damage to the leaves of the solid fertilized plants. [Conclusion] Fertilization in summer can promote the vegetative growth of  Bougainvillea glabra  seedlings. It is suggested to use 300 to 700 times of liquid fertilizer.

Key words  Bougainvillea glabra ;Seedling;Balanced compound fertilizer;Vegetative growth;SPAD value

基金项目 广州市科创委重点项目（202002020027）;广州市城市维护项目（穗林业和园林合字〔2017〕34号）;广州市公共预算项目（穗财编〔2016〕89号）。

作者简介 周国容（1962—），男，广东清远人，工程师，从事城市園林绿化研究。

*通信作者，教授级高级工程师，博士，从事城市园林绿化研究。

收稿日期 2020-09-28

三角梅（ Bougainvillea glabra  spp.）为紫茉莉科叶子花属常绿……