宋霞 邓子超 董辉 郭韵 吴文华 王丹枫

摘要 对热带北缘低丘台地保护了40年的广东化州卜岭风水林进行了群落特征研究，结果表明：群落组成种类复杂，1 200 m2样带内有维管束植物36科54属70种，种子植物属以热带亚热带区系成分为主;群落结构较复杂，分层现象不明显，冠层树冠不连续，DBH≥20 cm 的大径级个体约占胸径5 cm以上个体数的16.67%，群落胸高断面积为37.42 m2/hm2;频度分析表明，该群落超过50%的种类多度分布较均匀;群落生物多样性分析表明，该群落的各层次生物多样性指数为灌木层>乔木层>草本层，乔木层和灌木层的多样性指数均达到4.00以上，具有较高的多样性水平;群落上层优势种的种群结构分析表明，除人工种植的外来种窿缘桉属于衰退群落外，其他优势种群大都属进展种群，群落仍处于向地带性森林的进展演替中。

关键词 化州;风水林;群落特征

中图分类号 S 718.54  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）14-0093-05

Abstract This paper studied the community characteristics of the Fengshui forest in Buling，Huazhou，Guangdong，which has been protected for 40 years on the low hilly platform on the northern edge of the tropics.The results showed that the composition of the community was complex.There were 70 species of vascular plants in 36 families，54 genera and vascular plants in the 1 200 square meter transect.The seed plants were mainly composed of tropical and subtropical flora.The community structure was more complex，the stratification was not obvious，the canopy was discontinuous，and the largediameter individuals with DBH ≥ 20  cm account for about 16.67% of individuals with a DBH greater than 5  cm one，the communitys breast height crosssectional area was 37.42 m2/hm2.Frequency analysis showed that more than half of this communitys species abundance was more evenly distributed.Community biodiversity analysis showed that the diversity index of each level of this community was shrub layer> tree layer>herb layer.The diversity index of tree layer and shrub layer was above 4.00，which had a high diversity level.The population structure analysis of the dominant species in the upper layer of the community showed that，except for the artificially planted  Eucalyptus exserta  belongs to the decline community，the other dominant populations were mostly advanced populations，and the communities were still in the progressive succession towards zonal forests.

Key words Huazhou;Fengshui forest;Community characteristics

基金項目 广东省林业局2020年野生动植物保护项目。

作者简介 宋霞（1981—），女，广东化州人，工程师，从事林业资源利用与保护研究。

收稿日期 2020-11-30

风水林是指华南地区村前屋后残存的小片状天然次生林，是中华民族“天人合一”传统思想和环境观主导下的产物，是人与自然和谐共处的具体体现，风水林有村落宅基风水林、坟园墓地风水林、寺院风水林等基本类型[1]。风水林不仅保存了丰富的物种多样性资源，还为分析研究地带性森林植被的组成、结构等提供了良好的素材，《中国植被》和《广东植被》等在分析南方地带性森林植被时常用村边风水林的样方调查资料[2-3]。近年来，……