宋杨 唐思洁 缐红

摘 要：探索不同水平定向运动选手心理旋转能力对地图识别效率的影响，为科学制定专项运动训练方案提供理论依据。研究选取专家和新手定向运动选手作为被试者，进行正常方位与旋转方位以及不同地图难度特征条件下选手的识图认知任务测试。结果表明：（1）心理旋转与地图难度均制约着定向运动选手的识图效率，随着心理旋转与地图难度认知压力的加大，定向运动选手识图效率降低，专家选手表现出较好专项认知优势。（2）定向运动选手识图效率随地图旋转角度加大而降低，专家组好于新手组。在定向运动选手专项认知训练中应充分考虑心理旋转与地图难度的认知因素，注重对心理旋转等空间认知能力的专项训练。

关 键 词：定向运动;专项认知训练;心理旋转;识图效率

中图分类号：G804.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）04-0125-06

Abstract： To explore the influence of mental rotation ability of orienteering athletes at different levels on map recognition efficiency， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of professional sports training programs. In this study， expert and novice orienteering players were selected as subjects to test the cognitive task of map recognition under the conditions of normal azimuth， rotation azimuth and different map difficulty characteristics. The results showed that： （1） Both mental rotation and map difficulty restricted the map recognition efficiency of orienteering players. with the increase of cognitive pressure of psychological rotation and map difficulty， the map recognition efficiency of orienteering athletes decreased， and expert athletes showed better professional cognitive advantages. （2） The map recognition efficiency of orienteering players decreased with the increase of map rotation angle， and the expert group was better than the novice group. The research reveals that in the professional cognitive training of orienteering players， we should fully consider the cognitive factors of mental rotation and map difficulty， and pay attention to the professional training of spatial cognitive ability such as mental rotation.

Key words： orienteering;professional cognitive training;mental rotation;map recognition efficiency

定向運动是一项借助于地图的导航运动[1]，是提升军人、警察、野外勘测者、徒步探险者专项技能和户外生存能力的体育项目，是世界军人运动会、世界警察运动会的正式比赛项目。识别地图信息、规划跑动路线是定向运动项目的核心技术。在识图过程中，参加者需不断进行空间定位与记忆，对地图信息进行加工、处理，而心理旋转能力制约着参加者的空间定位与识别[2]。心理旋转概念最早于1971年提出[3]，是个体在空间中保持和操作二维或三维物体的过程，也是对物体的视觉心理图像进行旋转变换的能力，是空间能力的重要成分，主要包括感知、旋转、决策3个部分[4]。……