李玉强 尹小俭 任思恩 刘媛 毕存箭

摘 要：探讨我国10～18岁儿童青少年生活习惯与体能的关系，以期为促进和改善儿童青少年体质健康状况提供参考。采取分层整群随机抽样方法，选取我国6大行政区（华东、华北、中南、西北、西南和东北）10～18岁儿童青少年10 800人为研究对象，采用Pearson χ2对生活习惯中各指标与体能指数等级进行比较，运用多因素Logistic回归分析模型，分析生活习惯各指标对体能指数等级的影响。结果显示：儿童青少年生活习惯与体能存在相关，其中，“基本每天运动”“每天锻炼时间大于1 h”“视屏时间每天小于2 h”“积极的上下学方式”“基本每天都吃早餐”“睡眠时间大于6 h”等生活习惯对体能具有积极影响。结果表明：通过改善儿童青少年的体力活动、早餐习惯和睡眠时间，可促进其体能的发展。

关 键 词：体质健康;生活习惯;体能;儿童青少年

中图分类号：G804.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）04-0119-06

Abstract： This study aims to explore the relationship between the living habits and physical fitness of Chinese children and adolescents aged 10～18， in order to provide reference and suggestion for improving the physical health of them. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 10 800 Chinese children and adolescents aged 10～18 from six major administrative regions of China （East China， North China， Central South， Northwest， Southwest， and Northeast）. Pearson χ2 was used to compare the indexes of living habits with the level of physical fitness index， and the multi-factor Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of various indexes of living habits on the level of physical fitness index. The results showed that the living habits of Chinese children and adolescents were related to physical fitness. Among them， the living habits including "exercise almost every day"， "daily exercise more than 1 hour"， "active way to go to school"， "video time less than 2 hours per day"， "eating breakfast almost every day" and "sleeping more than 6 hours every day" had a positive impact on physical fitness. The conclusion suggested that physical fitness can be enhanced by improving physical activity， breakfast habits and daily sleeping time of Chinese children and adolescents.

Key words： physical health;living habits;physical fitness;children and adolescents

近年来，伴随着新科学技术的快速发展，使得经济社会发生了巨大变化，在世界范围内，儿童青少年生活习惯也相应发生着巨大改变，主要体现在体力活动明显不足、睡眠时间严重缺乏、饮食习惯极其不规律等方面[1]。不良生活习惯使儿童青少年面临着体质健康水平下降、心理疾病发生率提升等诸多严峻考验。体能是反映儿童青少年体质健康水平的关键性指标，良好的体能是身体活动的基础。国内外儿童青少年体能水平均呈现明显的下降趋势。澳大利亚10～18岁儿童青少年在1985—2013年体能水平持续下降[2]。……