徐荥 徐焰 朱琳 廖文辉 蒲毕文

摘 要：以广东省中小学体育与健康教育的调查数据为依据，构建其影响因素的结构模型，通过探索性因子分析发现广东省中小学生体育与健康教育从大到小依次受到“学校条件”“教育制度”“体育课学习”“经济支持”“家长示范”“学生认知”“社区教育”7个潜在因子的影响，潜在因子间既有一定的独立性，又互为补充、互为渗透，形成一个多元协同整体。研究结果显示，中小学生体育与健康教育多元协同理论模型成立，学校、家庭和社区教育是影响中小学生体育与健康教育的2阶潜在因子;“学校教育”对学生体育与健康教育的影响最大;随着年龄增长，学生对学校体育与健康教育的认知趋于下降。中小学生体育与健康教育多元协同模型的成立说明学校、家庭、社区多元协同教育模式与结构合理，但在多元协同的基础上要依据地区和年龄的不同进行针对性干预。

关 键 词：学校体育;体育与健康教育;中小学生;结构方程模型;广东省

中图分类号：G807.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）04-0106-06

Abstract： Based on the survey data of physical education and health education in primary and secondary schools in Guangdong， this study constructed a structural model of its influencing factors. Through exploratory factor analysis， it has found that students physical education and health education are affected by 7 potential factors such as "school conditions" "education system" "physical education" "economic support" "parent demonstration" "student cognition" "community education"， which not only has a certain degree of independence， but also complements and penetrates with each other， and has finally formed a multiple synergy whole. The results of the study showed that the multiple synergy theory model of physical education and health education for primary and middle school students was well established， and school， family and community education were the second-order potential factors affecting physical and health education for primary and secondary school students; the influence of "school education" on students' physical and health education with multiple synergy had been the most significant among them; as students grew older， the cognition of school physical education and health education tended to decline. It can be seen that the establishment of a multiple synergy model of physical education and health education for primary and middle school students indicates that the educational model and structure of multiple synergy performed by school， family， and community is reasonable， but on the basis of multiple synergy， more targeted interventions should be made afterwards according to the differences in terms of regions and ages.

Key words： school physical education;physical education and health education;primary and middle school students;structural equation model;Guangdong

進入21世纪以来，儿童青少年体质持续下降，如何更有效提升青少年体质健康迫在眉睫[1]。学校教育、家庭教育、社区教育是提高青少年体质健康的重要手段，干预体系构建研究已逐渐成为热点[2-5]。广东地处粤港澳大湾区中心区域，是经济、人口与教育大省，但珠三角与粤东西北地区经济发展极不平衡，学生体质健康水平持续30年下降，且随着年龄的增长体质健康下降趋势显著[6-8]。……