诉求与维系:动机与环境对广场舞者参与行为的影响效应
2021-08-26陶成武李先雄周建社
陶成武 李先雄 周建社



摘 要:探討广场舞参与者的参与动机、参与环境、坚持性对参与行为的影响效应,为推进广场舞的科学普及与规范治理提供参考。搜集1 012份广场舞参与者的调查问卷,内容包括参与者的参与行为、参与动机、参与环境与坚持性。其中,参与行为测量参与者的练习年限、次数与时长,对参与动机、参与环境与坚持性的测量分别采用改编的体育锻炼动机简化量表、参与环境量表与坚持性量表。结果显示:(1)广场舞参与者的社交动机(P<0.01)、能力动机(P<0.05)能正向预测参与行为,在参与动机调节参与行为的过程中坚持性具有完全中介效应;(2)人际关联(P<0.001)与自然关联(P<0.001)对广场舞参与者的坚持性有显著正向影响,其中,人际关联的影响力最高,可解释的变异量为40.6%,且在参与环境影响参与行为的过程中,坚持性具有部分中介效应。研究认为:(1)参与环境中的人际关系(尤其是结交朋友与朋友带动)是影响广场舞者参与行为的重要因素;(2)提升广场舞的社交效应与技能水平,改善广场舞者参与的人际氛围,营造良好的自然与社会支持环境,能有效促进广场舞参与者持续参与广场舞健身活动。
关 键 词:运动心理学;广场舞;参与动机;参与环境;参与行为;坚持性
中图分类号:G804.8 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2021)04-0060-08
Abstract: This study aims to explore the effect of participation motivation, participation environment and persistence of square dancers on their participation behavior, so as to provide references for promoting scientific popularization and normative governance of square dance. By collecting 1 012 questionnaires of square dancers and the content included the participation behavior, participation motivation, participation environment and persistence, Of them, the participation behavior was measured by time, number and duration of exercise for square dancers, and the measurement of participation motivation, participation environment, and persistence was assessed by the simplified scale of MPAM-R, the participation environment scale and the persistence scale, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the square dancers' social motivation (P<0.01) and ability motivation (P<0.05) can positively predict their participation behavior, and persistence had a completely mediating effect in the process of participation motivation affecting their participation behavior; (2) interpersonal association (P<0.001) and natural association (P<0.001) had a significant positive effect on the persistence of square dancers, among which interpersonal association had the highest influence, with an accountable variance of 40.6%. Moreover, persistence had a partial mediating effect in the process of the influence on the participation behavior by participation environment. The conclusion indicated that: (1) interpersonal relationship in the participation environment (especially making friends and being driven by friends) would be an important factor affecting their participation behavior; (2) it is effective to promote square dancers to continuously participating in this activity by means of enhancing their sociable effect and skill level, improving interpersonal atmosphere in the course of participating in square dance for them, and creating a promising support environment both from naturally and socially.
Key words: sports psychology;square dance;participation motivation;participation environment;participation behavior;persistence
广场舞作为我国中老年女性广泛参与的健身休闲活动,遍布于我国城市与农村的各类公共空间,其生成价值也逐步获得了国家与社会的认可,其参与人数和规模至今仍有日趋扩大之势,且参与者也呈现出保持日常高频与持续多年参与的行为特点。究其原因可概括为两点:一是广场舞高度适应了当代中老年女性的心理需求[1];二是广场舞深度融入了人们的日常生活[2]。诚然,广场舞的空前盛行与经久不衰并不是一种偶然,而是由于个体参与动机和参与环境的契合,不断满足其身心体验与灵肉需求的价值实践,进而逐步内化为个体的坚持性,从而促进参与行为的高频与持续发生。因此,探讨广场舞参与者的参与动机、环境氛围和坚持性、参与行为之间的关系与内在机制,不仅有助于了解广场舞参与者的身心需求与助推今后广场舞的科学普及,而且能为全民健身参与程度的提升提供有价值的参考。……
