谭忠阳 李鑫 左继成 姚邦 郑文洁

摘 要：辐照改性是诱导高分子材料交联而实现高性能化和功能化的一种简单有效方法，具有节能环保、交联周期短、交联度精准可控等优点。聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）作为辐照交联型聚合物，辐照改性处理可明显改善其高温力学性能、耐化学药品性、耐蠕变性、耐磨损性等性能，使其在高精尖领域得到实际应用。PVDF辐照改性后的性能受不同因素影响，包括辐照工艺条件和聚合物自身性质两大方面。明确PVDF辐照后的性能与影响因素之间的关系后，通过优化辐照工艺条件和改变聚合物的性质，人们可以制备符合特定性能要求的辐照PVDF产品。

关键词：聚偏氟乙烯;辐照条件;聚合物性质;影响因素

中图分类号：TQ325.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）09-0131-03

Abstract： Radiation modification is a simple and effective method to induce cross-linking of polymer materials to achieve high performance and functionalization， which has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection， short cross-linking cycle， accurate and controllable cross-linking degree. Polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） is used as an irradiation cross-linked polymer， and radiation modification treatment can obviously improve its high temperature mechanical properties， chemical resistance， creep resistance， abrasion resistance and other properties， making it practically applied in high-precision fields. The performance of PVDF modified by irradiation is affected by different factors， including the irradiation process conditions and the properties of the polymer itself. After clarifying the relationship between the performance of PVDF and the influencing factors after irradiation， by optimizing the irradiation process conditions and changing the properties of the polymer， people can prepare irradiated PVDF products that meet specific performance requirements.

Keywords： polyvinylidene fluoride;irradiation conditions;polymer properties;influencing factors

聚合物在电离辐射作用下会发生多种物理和化学变化，包括辐射交联、辐照降解、气体产生和不饱和度变化、氧化效应、异构化以及岐化反应等。根据辐照作用下交联和降解程度的不同，聚合物被分为辐照交联型和降解型两种。当以交联反应为主时，辐照最终催生三维网状结构的高分子材料，其被称为辐照交联型聚合物。通常，氢原子数目越多，氟烯烃聚合物辐照交联的趋势就越大。聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）分子主链中-CH2-和-CF2-链节交替排列，氢原子含量相对较高，因此它是一种以辐照交联反应为主的高分子材料。辐照改性处理可以提高PVDF材料的高温力学性能、耐磨性和耐强碱性，辐照产品可以应用于电线电缆和热缩防护材料等重要领域。……