土壤中酞酸酯类污染物的迁移转化及生态毒性研究进展
2021-08-26周柯东郑玉罗梓涵唐剑泉刘灿
周柯东 郑玉 罗梓涵 唐剑泉 刘灿


摘 要:酞酸酯(PAEs)又称邻苯二甲酸酯,是一类典型的有机污染物,具有致畸、致癌、致突变“三致”毒性效应和内分泌干扰作用。由于其广泛的应用、大规模的生产以及对生态健康的严重威胁,酞酸酯在各种环境介质中的迁移转化引起了全球范围内的关注。本文主要围绕酞酸酯在各界面的环境行为及生态毒性展开,详述了土壤中酞酸酯在多界面(土壤-大气、土壤-水、土壤-植物)的迁移转化特征及消解机制,总结了酞酸酯对动植物的毒性水平,并对今后的土壤酞酸酯污染研究趋势进行了展望,以期为土壤酞酸酯的风险评估及防控措施提供科学依据,降低土壤酞酸酯污染生态风险。
关键词:酞酸酯;多界面环境行为;迁移转化;生态毒性
中图分类号:X833文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)09-0144-05
Abstract: Phthalic acid esters (PAEs), also known as phthalates, are a type of typical organic pollutants that have teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic "three-causing" toxic effects and endocrine disrupting effects. Due to its wide range of applications, large-scale production and serious threats to ecological health, the migration and transformation of PAEs in various environmental media has attracted worldwide attention. This paper focused on the environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of PAEs at each interface, and details the migration and transformation characteristics of PAEs in the soil at multiple interfaces (soil-atmosphere, soil-water, soil-plant) and their digestion mechanisms, and summarized the toxicity level of PAEs to animals and plants, and looked forward to the future research trends of soil PAEs pollution, in order to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment and prevention and control measures of soil PAEs esters, and reduce the ecological risk of soil PAEs ester pollution.
Keywords: phthalate acid ester;multi-interface environment behavior;migration and transformation;ecotoxicity
酞酸酯是一種典型的环境刺激类污染物,被广泛应用于塑料制品的生产中,以提高产品柔韧性及硬度。目前,酞酸酯在建筑材料、印刷油墨、油漆、乳胶漆、化妆品、服装、食品包装及医疗用品等领域都有应用,部分产品添加量高,可保持在20%~60%[1]。据统计,全球每年的塑料生产约达1.5亿t,消耗酞酸酯约800万t[2]。近年来,人们发现酞酸酯可干扰人和动物的内分泌系统,具有致突变、致癌、致畸作用。美国国家环境保护局已将邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)等6种酞酸酯列为优先控制有机污染物,中国也将DMP、DBP和DOP列为优先控制污染物[3]。……
