基于信息化的医疗废物动态管理及效果分析

2021-08-24杨文博YANGWenbo叶美珍YEMeizhen张忠远ZHANGZhongyuan余焱YUYan林锡德LINXide

医院管理论坛 2021年5期

□ 杨文博 YANG Wen-bo 叶美珍 YE Mei-zhen 张忠远 ZHANG Zhong-yuan 余焱 YU Yan 林锡德 LIN Xi-de

Objective To study the problems of information management platform in medical waste management and to explore the countermeasures.Methods Based on the medical waste information management platform, the information of medical waste disposal from 2017 to 2019 was collected. The situation and characteristics of the medical service volume, total medical waste volume, annual medical waste volume of the departments and workload of transfer workers were analyzed. Results The annual amount of medical waste in the hospital was about 1000 tons in total and 1 kg / bed, and the disposal cost was 3.3 yuan / bed. Infectious medical waste took the highest percentage of 94% among all the medical waste. Outpatient and emergency department, operating room, intensive care unit, pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS)and blood purification center were the top five departments producing the largest amount of traumatic and infectious waste, 46.5% and 48.6%,respectively; Obstetrics, operating room, outpatient and emergency department, laboratory center and neurosurgery department were the top five departments producing the largest amount of pathological waste, accounting for 53.7%. The amount of medical waste per capita showed a downward trend. Conclusion The information management mode provides the whole process tracking management of medical waste and is effective in refine management of medical waste disposal.

医疗机构废弃物管理是医疗机构管理和公共卫生管理的重要方面，也是全社会开展垃圾分类和处理的重要内容[1]。一方面，国家要求通过规范分类和清晰流程，使各医疗机构内形成分类投放、收集、贮存、交接、转运的废弃物管理系统。充分利用电子标签、二维码等信息化技术手段，对药品和医用耗材购入、使用和处置等环节进行精细化全程跟踪管理，鼓励医疗机构使用具有追溯功能的医疗用品、具有计数功能的可复用容器，确保医疗机构废弃物应分尽分和可追溯。另一方面，医疗机构是医疗废物处置的主体部门，涵盖了收集、转运、暂存等关键环节。如果未妥善处理，会对环境造成污染，对个体产生危害，甚至成为疾病传播的源头[2-3]。互联网时代背景下，依托信息化、大数据，搭建综合信息管理平台，对医疗废物的全覆盖管理，对整个流程实时监控，汇总数据，分析反馈，将实现医疗废物的精细化全程跟踪管理。