DRG点数付费对医院运行的影响与绩效改进探讨
2021-08-24徐圆圆XUYuanyuan
□ 徐圆圆 XU Yuan-yuan
The implementation of payment by DRGs points in the inpatients with medical insurance has had a great impact on the hospital development and operation and performance of the departments. In order to facilitate the transformation of the payment model, improve the medical services for patients, and further improve quality and efficiency, the hospital has improved the performance allocation under the DRGs point payment of inpatient services by strengthening the evaluation of department operation benefits, monitoring the use of medicines and medical consumables,and enhancing inpatient cost control. In this way, the hospital has effectively improved inpatient diagnosis and treatment services, shortened the average length of stay, reduced the costs of inpatients, and achieved the basic balance of medical insurance settlement.
2019年1月,浙江省台州市颁布了《台州市医疗机构基本医疗保险住院费用实施总额预算下按疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费实施办法(试行)》,推行住院诊疗服务费用总额预算下按疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费改革试点。这一付费方式改变了以往按项目付费的模式,将疾病分组、项目等各种诊疗服务的价值以点数体现,年底根据基金预算总额和医疗服务总点数确定每个点的实际价值,按各医疗机构提供诊疗服务的实际总点数值进行医保费用清算[1]。
按DRG点数支付对医院运营的影响
1.对医院发展的影响。DRG点数支付政策实行初期,对医院医保患者住院费用影响较大,造成医疗业务收支严重亏损,仅1-3月份,医保住院业务亏损了349万元。为实现医院的可持续发展,减少亏损,医院开始转变发展模式,从规模型扩张转变到服务提质增效,依靠临床路径管理、单病种质量控制、规范临床诊疗体系等手段提升医院整体管理水平,以有效控制成本,提高效率。
2.对医院运营的影响。通过对DRG亏损病例与盈利病例的对比分析,发现90.72%的亏损病例主要是药品费和材料费过高。医保DRG结算倒逼医院管理从粗放型管理向精益管理转变,通过控制药品和材料费实现诊疗服务收入结构优化,提高效率,以实现效益的提升。
3.对科室绩效的影响。现行月度绩效方案是以工作量为导向,鼓励临床多开展项目,实行“多劳多得”的绩效分配方式。但DRG点数支付实行的是打包付费制,对医院超过医保结算标准部分不付费,医院很有可能“增收不增效”,面临既要支付临床科室绩效,又要承担医保部门拒付超额费用的成本,增加的项目不但不能为医院增收,反而增加医院成本,增加医院运营压力。……
