基于几何拓扑的城市路网结构定量分析
2021-08-23韩宝睿濮海建丁梓轩宋婉璐
韩宝睿 濮海建 丁梓轩 宋婉璐



摘 要:为实现对城市路网形态的精确描述,将路网形态特征划分为几何形态和拓扑结构2个类别进行分析。针对每一类结构特性分别提出相应的定量描述指标、计算方法,并结合Origin、DepthmapX等计算机辅助分析技术对现代城市中常见的、在不同发展阶段所表现出的4类路网8个样本量化分析与比较。结果表明:①相较于传统或单一类型指标研究,2种类型指标进一步呈现出路网内部关系以及组成之间的差异,在区分历史老城区路网和外围区路网这2种混合路网时效果尤为显著;②2类形态特征之间存在着互馈作用:单元格率与整合度、可理解度显示出一定的正相关性;③自然形成的路网看似结构复杂,在经过拓扑变形后却更容易理解。
关键词:城市路网;路网分析;几何形态;拓扑结构;空间句法
中图分类号:U491 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8023(2021)04-0126-09
Quantitative Analysis of Urban Road Network Structure Based
on Geometric Topology
HAN Baorui, PU Haijian, DING Zixuan, SONG Wanlu
(College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
Abstract:In order to achieve an accurate description of the urban road network morphology, the morphological characteristics of the road network are divided into two categories: geometric shape and topological structure for analysis. For each type of structural characteristics, corresponding quantitative description indicators and calculation methods are proposed, combined with the computer aided analysis techniques such as Origin and DepthMapX, this paper quantitatively analyzes and compares 8 samples of 4 types of road networks which are common in modern cities and displayed in different development stages. The results show that: (1) compared with the traditional or single-type indicator research, the two types of indicators further show the difference between the internal relationship and composition of the road network. The effect is particularly significant when distinguishing the road network in the historical old city and the road network in the peripheral area. (2) There is a mutual feedback effect between the two types of morphological characteristics: the cell rate, integration and intelligibility show a certain positive correlation. (3) The naturally formed road network appears to have a structure complex, but easier to understand after topological deformation.
Keywords:Urban road network; network analysis; geometric form; topological structure; space syntax
收稿日期:2021-03-09
基金項目:江苏省教育厅人文社会科学研究基金(KYCX20_0887)
第一作者简介:韩宝睿, 博士,副教授。研究方向:交通规划与交通流特征。E-mail:hbr@njfu.com.c
引文格式:韩宝睿,濮海建,丁梓轩,等. 基于几何拓扑的城市路网结构定量分析[J].森林工程,2021,37(4):126-134.
HAN B R, PU H J, DING Z X, et al. Quantitative analysis of urban road network structure based on geometric topology[J]. Forest Engineering,2021,37(4):126-134.
0 引言
道路网作为城市的核心构成要素,影响着社会群体、公共机构等要素的空间分布模式,对城市的空间形态特征起着至关重要的作用。不同类型路网之间的交通分配、运输效率和土地功能布局等都存在着一定的差异,只有充分地认知路网结构特性,才能更好地促进现代城市路网拓展同传统城市路网结构有机结合[1-2]。……
