【摘要】 焊接接头是压力容器的重要连接元件，承受压力、温度、介质的作用，对在用压力容器的安全运行和使用寿命起着决定性的影响。基于在用压力容器焊接接头的损伤机理，综合在用压力容器焊接接头常用无损检测方法的特性，充分考虑在用压力容器焊接接头的材质、焊接方法、运行参数及其运行环境，并结合实际检验检测工作经验，在此基础上，对能够影响在用压力容器焊接接头常用无损检测方法可靠性的因素进行了系统研究，并提出了减少这些影响因素的方法和措施。

【关键词】 压力容器;焊接接头;无损检测;可靠性

【DOI编码】 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4977.2021.04.044

Study on Reliability of Nondestructive Testing for Welded Joint of Pressure Vessel

CAI Zhan-he

（Heze Product Inspection and Testing Institute，Heze 274000，China）

Abstract： Welding joints are important connecting elements of pressure vessels，which bear the effects of pressure，temperature，and media，and have a decisive influence on the safe operation and service life of pressure vessels in use. Based on the damage mechanism of the welded joints of pressure vessels in use，combined with the characteristics of commonly used non-destructive testing methods for welded joints of pressure vessels in use，fully consider the materials，welding methods，operating parameters and operating environment of welded joints of pressure vessels in use，and combine actual inspection. Based on the inspection work experience，the factors that can affect the reliability of the commonly used non-destructive testing methods for the welded joints of pressure vessels in use have been systematically studied，and methods and measures to reduce these influencing factors have been proposed.

Key words： pressure vessel;welding joint;nondestructive testing;reliability

1 引言

压力容器焊接接头由母材、熔合区和热影响区组成，其主要作用之一是承受力的载荷。焊接接头各区在焊接过程中进行了不同的冶金过程，并经受不同的热循环和应变循环作用，造成各区的组织不均匀，进而使整个焊接接头的力学性能不均匀[1]。焊接接头存在几何不连续、焊接变形造成内部应力集中，影响了焊接接头强度。此外，在焊接过程中，焊接接头易产生不同类型的缺陷，进一步降低了其强度。因此，焊接接头是压力容器力学性能薄弱的位置，是在用压力容器安全运行的主要隐患之一。

为尽早发现在用压力容器，尤其是焊接接头，存在什么缺陷，进而及时消除安全隐患，保证生产的长期稳定，我国相关法律和安全技术规范要求在用压力容器应进行定期检验，未经定期检验或者检验不合格的压力容器，不得继续使用[2-4]。……