杨杨 吴娟

摘要：為促进我国海岸带的可持续发展 ，助力海洋强国和海洋生态文明建设 ， 文章综合运用奎德模型和琼斯模型 ，从问题进入政府、政府内部行动、政府处理问题和项目回到政府4个环节 ， 比较分析阿尔及利亚和厄瓜多尔海岸带综合管理政策的制定、执行和效果 ， 并提出可供我国借鉴的经验。研究结果表明：对于阿尔及利亚和厄瓜多尔海岸带综合管理政策的对比分析主要包括海岸带面临的问题、政策目标、法律法规和项目规划制定、执行机构建立、人力资源培育、经济资源投入以及政策效果和问题;阿尔及利亚和厄瓜多尔在人文环境和自然环境方面与我国有相似之处 ， 其海岸带综合管理经验对我国具有参考价值 ， 主要包括提高海岸带综合管理的公众参与度和公众海洋生态环境保护意识、注重政策项目评估、保证项目资金供给充足、合理划分政府部门的权责范围以及协调海岸带经济社会发展与生态环境保护的关系。

关键词：海岸带综合管理;海洋生态环境;海洋开发利用;可持续发展;公众参与

中图分类号：P748      文献标志码：A       文章编号：1005-9857（2021）12-0052-06

The Formulation， Implementation and Effect of IntegratedCoastal Zone Management Policy：A Comparative Study Based on theCase of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Algeria and Ecuador

YANG Yang，WU Juan

（School of Ocean Culture and Law，Shanghai Ocean University，Shanghai 201306，Chína）

Abstract：In order to promote the sustainable development of China's coastal zone and contributeto the construction of marine power and marine ecological civilization， this paper comprehensivelyused the Quaid model and Jones model to compare and analyze the formulation， implementationand effect of the integrated coastal zone management policies in Algeria and Ecuador from the4 links of problems entering the government， internal actions of the government， governmenthandling problems and projects back to the government，and put forward the experience thatcould be used for reference in China. The results showed that the comparative analysis of the integrated coastal zone management policies of Algeria and Ecuador mainly included the problemsfaced by the coastal zone， policy objectives， formulation of laws and regulations and project planning， establishment of executive agencies， cultivation of human resources， input of economic resources， and policy effects and problems. Algeria and Ecuador were similar to China in terms ofhuman environment and natural environment. Their experience in integrated coastal zone management was of reference value to China， mainly including improving public participation in integrated coastal zone management and public awareness of marine ecological environment protection，paying attention to policy project evaluation， ensuring adequate supply of project funds， and reasonably dividing the scope of rights and responsibilities of government departments andcoordinate the relationship between coastal economic and social development and ecological environment protection.

Keywords： Integrated coastal zone management， Marine ecological environment， Marine development and utilization，Sustainable development，Public participation

0 引言

海岸带是海洋和陆地的交汇地带 ，凭借优越的自然地理环境吸引大量工业、农业、商业、交通和娱乐等行业的从业人口和各类经济资源。在各类群体和行业对海岸带自然资源的需求日益提升且竞争日益加剧的背景下 ，海岸带面临自然资源日渐枯竭和环境持续恶化的严重危机 ，风暴潮、赤潮、绿潮、溢油、海冰和海岸侵蚀等海洋自然灾害使海岸带区域面临的威胁进一步加重。……