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腹腔镜辅助的经肛全直肠系膜切除术的发展与思考

2021-08-11李大卫

上海医药 2021年11期

李大卫

摘 要 经肛全直肠系膜切除术(transanal total mesorectal resection, taTME)是利用经肛内镜显微外科手术或经肛微创外科手术平台,遵循全直肠系膜切除术手术原则,“自下而上”实施的经肛腔镜直肠切除手术,是近年来结直肠外科领域关注的热点。与传统腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术相比,taTME在治疗直肠疾病中有潜在和独特的优势。然而,taTME的安全性和肿瘤學预后仍有待进一步的研究和循证医学证据的支持。本文就taTME的发展和需解决的关键问题作一简要述评。

关键词 经肛全直肠系膜切除术 经肛微创外科手术 直肠癌

中图分类号:R735.37; R730.56 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)11-0012-03

Development and consideration of laparoscopy-assisted transanal total mesorectal resection

LI Dawei*

(Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China)

ABSTRACT Transanal total mesorectal resection (taTME) is a “bottom-up” transanal resection of the rectum using transanal endoscopic microsurgery or transanal minimally invasive surgery platform and following the principles of total mesorectal excision and is a hot spot in the field of colorectal surgery in recent years. Compared with traditional laparoscopic total mesorectal resection, taTME has potential and unique advantages in the treatment of rectal diseases. However, the safety of the operation and the prognosis of oncology still need further studies and the support of evidence-based medical evidence. This paper reviews the development of taTME in recent years and the key problems to be solved.

KEy WORDS transanal total mesorectal resection; transanal minimally invasive surgery; rectal cancer

直肠癌的外科治疗已进入精准治疗和全程管理的时代,精准的术前分期、“以终为始”的目标导向下的综合治疗策略和精准解剖理念指导下的直肠癌根治手术能够有效改善肿瘤学预后,降低肿瘤复发率,保护患者的泌尿、性功能,提高其生存质量。自1982年Heald等[1]提出全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)及相关原则并用于中低位直肠癌手术以来,目前TME手术原则已成为直肠癌根治手术的基本原则和规范。然而,临床实践中经常会遇到困难骨盆,如男性肥胖、盆腔狭小、放化疗后组织水肿,以及远切缘难以判断或无法放置闭合器等情况,使经腹TME变得困难。随着单孔腔镜、经肛内镜显微外科手术(transanal endoscopic microsurgery, TEM)和经自然腔道取标本手术等技术的发展和成熟,2010年Sylla等[2]提出了经肛全直肠系膜切除术(transanal TME, taTME)的概念。2012年,张浩等[3]在国际上首次报告实施了taTME。作为经自然腔道内镜外科治疗与经肛单孔微创外科理念的融合,近年来taTME逐渐受到结直肠外科领域的广泛关注。……

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