TONHNY 李雨霏 魏逸衡 郑国臣

摘  要：针对嫩江流域水污染及水资源管理问题，选取2016—2020年监测的嫩江干流9个断面，以单因子评价方法为基础，结合主成分分析对嫩江干流断面汛期及非汛期主要水质污染因子及水质类别进行综合评价。结果显示，2016—2020年嫩江干流断面水质总体较好，年际间呈现改善趋势;2018年非汛期水质变差，并于2019年恢复。主成分分析说明在这五年期间，对水质影响最大的指标为化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数。不同方法评价结果略有差异，综合来看，各断面的水质在这5年中总体较好。

关键词：嫩江  省界缓冲区  水质评价  单因子评价  主成分分析

中图分类号：X824                             文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-098X（2021）04（b）-0124-04

Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Quality in Nenjiang River Mainstream

TONHNY1  LI Yufei1*  WEI Yiheng2  ZHENG Guochen3

（1.School of Forestry， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin， Heilongjiang province， 150040  China;

2. College of Resources and Environment， Northeast Agricultural University， Harbin， Heilongjiang province， 150030  China; 3. Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau， Changchun，

Jilin province， 130021  China）

Abstract： For the problems of water pollution and water resources management in the Nenjiang River basin， the main water pollution factors and water quality types from 2016 to 2020 of nine sections of Nenjiang River mainstream in flood season and non-flood season were evaluated by single factor evaluation and principal component analysis method. The results show that the water quality of the Nenjiang River mainstream is generally good from 2016 to 2020 and show an inter-annual improvement trend. The water quality of the non-flood season in 2018 deteriorated but it returned in 2019.By the principal component analysis， it were proved that indicators with the greatest impact on water quality were the Chemical oxygen demand and the permanganate in these five years. Thought the evaluation results of two methods are slightly different， Overall， the water quality of each section is better in the five years.

Key Words： Nenjiang River; Provincial boundary buffer; Water quality assessment; Single factor evaluation method; Principal component analysis

隨着社会经济发展、水资源供需矛盾日趋严重，尤其是流域跨界水污染问题突出，管理部门日益关注。省界缓冲区是流域管理的重要环节，主要是为了协调省际间用水关系，分清跨省污染责任，加强流域水资源的污染防治，对促进流域经济发展大有裨益。连续开展省界缓冲区河流断面污染程度的评估，有助于确定上下游及临省的水资源管理。本文选取嫩江干流断面2016年以来的水质监测数据，采用单因子评价和主成分分析评价“十三五”期间水质情况，为完善嫩江干流水质监测及评价，实现水资源保护提供技术支撑。

1  嫩江基本情况

嫩江为松花江北源，流经黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古，在肇源县三岔河附近与松花江南源第二松花江汇合后，流入松花江干流[1]。……