三维激光扫描技术在复杂雕像真三维重建中的研究
2021-08-10王雪钟棉卿王伟
王雪 钟棉卿 王伟



摘 要:三维激光扫描技术能快速获取地物表面高精度、高密度的三维点云信息,建立精细的真三维模型,但该技术在考古和文物保护方面应用并不是很广泛。本文以校园内一尊雕像为研究对象,利用三维激光扫描技术获取该雕像的点云数据,首先对点云数据进行预处理;然后进行三角网优化建模,根据曲率变化进行点云抽稀,重构三角网;最后进行纹理映射,构建了该雕像的真三维模型。该模型效果真实、细节丰富。该方法大大减少了文物信息采集的时间,实现了文物数字化存储、展示及3D打印。
关键词:三维模型 点云数据 拼接 三角网优化
中图分类号:P237 文献标识码:A文章编号:1674-098X(2021)04(b)-0070-04
Research on 3D Laser Scanning Technology in 3D Reconstruction of Complex Sculptures
WANG Xue1 ZHONG Mianqing2 WANG Wei
(1.Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi province, 712000 China;2. Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu province, 730070 China 3.China Energy Construction Group Shaanxi Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd.,Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054 china)
Abstract: 3D laser scanning technology can quickly obtain high-precision and high-density 3D point cloud information on the surface of ground objects, and establish a fine true 3D model. However, this technology is not widely used in Archaeology and cultural relic protection. Taking a statue on campus as the research object, this paper uses 3D laser scanning technology to obtain the point cloud data of the statue; Then, the triangulation network is optimized and the point cloud is thinned according to the curvature change to reconstruct the triangulation network; Finally, the true 3D model of the statue is constructed by texture mapping. The model has real effect and rich details. This method greatly reduces the time of cultural relic information collection, realizes the digital storage, display and 3D printing of cultural relic.
Key Words: 3D modeling; Point cloud data; Matching; Triangular mesh optimization
文物古迹是人类在历史上创造下来的有价值的文物遗存,具有丰富的内涵和文化底蕴。文物是无法再生资源,随着时间的推移,受自然环境侵蚀和人为破坏的双重影响,文物将会受到不同程度的破坏,甚至可能面临逐渐消亡的危险,因此需要应用现代技术进行文物保护。在文物的保护中,有些文物表面常常具有复杂、丰富的纹理信息,需要建立真正的三维建模,从而可以进行全方位展现,对于文化保护和传播也有重要意义。
地面三维激光扫描技术属于非接触式成像技术,能够直接、快速地获取高精度、高密度地物表面的三维空间信息,结合数码相机所获得的文物纹理信息,可以迅速准确地建立真实文物模型,实现数字存储文物信息,有效地进行遗产和文物保护;并能够进行三维展示,操作及分析;而且,在文物遭破坏时,仍然可以为文物的修复、保護提供科学资料和模型。……
