柳洋 牛磊 董海平 马文杰

摘  要：火药点火器是我国现役新型运载火箭氢氧发动机的重要件，为火箭发动机提供初始点火能源。由于液态氢氧温度极低，导致该点火器工作前处于极低温环境。该产品具有火药燃气流量大、温度低、产物清洁度高等特性，为产品的研制带来很大的难度。经过技术攻关，基本解决了上述问题，但在后续试验过程中，又暴露低温工作可靠性低的问题。针对低温工作出现故障的问题进行故障分析与诊断，通过理论分析探究影响点火性能的影响因素，最后，通过试验验证主要影响点火性能的影响因素。本文介绍的分析故障、优化改进的思路，也为其他型号相似结构的产品可靠性提升提供了借鉴。

关键词：火药点火器  低温点火  低燃速双基推进剂  点火冲量

中图分类号：TJ450                            文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-098X（2021）04（b）-0015-09

Failure Analysis and Improvement for Rocket Engine Igniter

LIU Yang1  NIU Lei2  Dong Haiping2  Ma Wenjie1  Yu Jiang3

（1.Beijing Aerospace Power Research Institute，Beijing， 100076 China; 2. National Key Laboratory， Explosion Science and Technology， Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing，100081 China;3.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering， Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing， 100081 China）

Abstract： The gunpowder igniter is an important part of the new-type carrier rocket oxyhydrogen engine in service in my country， which provides the initial ignition energy for the rocket engine. Due to the extremely low temperature of liquid hydrogen and oxygen， the igniter was in an extremely low temperature environment before it worked. The product has the characteristics of large gunpowder gas flow， low temperature and high product cleanliness， which brings great difficulties to the development of the product. After technical research， the above-mentioned problems were basically solved， but in the follow-up test process， the problem of low low-temperature working reliability was exposed. In view of the problem of failure in low temperature operation， fault analysis and diagnosis are carried out， and the influencing factors that affect the ignition performance are explored through theoretical analysis. Finally， the influencing factors that mainly affect the ignition performance are verified through experiments. The idea of analyzing faults and optimizing improvements introduced in this article also provides a reference for improving the reliability of other products with similar structures.

Key Words：gunpowder igniter; low temperature ignition; low burning rate dual-base propellant; Ignition impulse

火藥点火器是液体发动机的重要件，功能是在低温条件下，利用固体推进剂的燃烧火焰持续点燃液体发动机内部液氢液氧其具有火药燃气流量大、点火持续时间长、出口燃温低等特性。该型号发动机的火药点火器满足上述特性的前提下，在后续试验过程中，又暴露低温工作可靠性低的问题。本文将探究点火器低温工作可靠性低的影响因素，得到一些基本规律，并通过试验进行验证，为火药点火器的后期改进提供参考。

1  火药点火器方案介绍

如图1所示，火药点火器主要结构包含壳体、电点火器、点火药盒、火药装药（下文简称推进剂）、喷管[1]，其功能和原理接近小型固体火箭。……