陈驹祥

摘 要：伴随着城市化进程的快速发展，为满足城市环保的需求，垃圾转运车、扫地车、垃圾压缩车等环卫车辆逐渐增多，并呈现出增加趋势。环卫车辆其结构件多应用薄板零件通过焊接方式构成，在焊接作业过程中，很容易出现焊接变形问题，对环卫车辆生产质量带来严重影响。为切实防控环卫车辆薄板件焊接变形问题，从环卫车辆设计措施与工艺措施两个视角，提出防控路径，以切实保障环卫车辆生产及应用质量。

关键词：环卫车辆 薄板件 焊接变形 防控

Reflections on the Prevention and Control Paths of Welding Deformation of Thin Plate Parts of Sanitation Vehicles

Chen Juxiang

Abstract：With the rapid development of urbanization， to meet the needs of urban environmental protection， sanitation vehicles such as garbage transfer vehicles， sweepers， and garbage compression trucks have gradually increased and are showing an increasing trend. The structural parts of sanitation vehicles are mostly made of thin plate parts by welding. During the welding operation， welding deformation problems are prone to occur， which has a serious impact on the production quality of sanitation vehicles. To effectively prevent and control the welding deformation of the thin plate parts of environmental sanitation vehicles， the prevention and control path is proposed from the two perspectives of environmental sanitation vehicle design measures and process measures to effectively ensure the quality of environmental sanitation vehicle production and application.

Key words：sanitation vehicles， thin plate parts， welding deformation， prevention and control

1 环卫车辆薄板结构、焊缝及变形形式认知

典型的环卫车辆，其结构如下图所示：

环卫车辆其结构件，如箱体或薄板拼接件，多是应用厚度在3-6mm之间的薄板零件通过焊接工艺而形成。大面积薄板件焊接焊缝形式主要表现为搭接与对接两种方式，在进行焊接作业中，多会带来一定的薄板件焊接变形问题。依据变形范围可以将其划分为整体变形与局部变形两种，薄板结构件焊接变形中的整体变形，主要表现为纵向收缩、横向收缩、扭曲变形等，指的是整个构件在性状上火尺寸上发生较为显著的变形;薄板结构件焊接变形中的局部变形，指的是结构件局域位置出现变形，较为典型的如波浪变形或角变形。为切实保障环卫车辆生产质量，从设计及工艺两个视角提出薄板件焊接变形防控路径。

2 环卫车辆薄板件焊接变形的防控路径思考

2.1 基于设计视角的环卫车辆……