王天翔 王毅

摘 要：民间武术当下遭遇前所未有的传承危机，成为现代化进程中传统与现代抵牾的缩影。基于对山东省3个民间武术拳种传承活动的田野调查研究认为，民间武术传承特征有三：（1）将武术信仰与传承责任置于首位;（2）竞赛的“礼物化”等变通行为充斥传承过程;（3）始终保持与政治话语的一致。传承的问题在于：（1）个人地位较低，整体提升困难;（2）坚持情怀持守，置身市场之外;（3）陷于人情关系，传承名实分离。民间武术传承无法摆脱传统，通过提升民间武术（人）的社会地位、以政策执行透明化规制权力、使传承行为遵循市场规律，可有效应对时变以化解传承危机。

关键词：民间武术;传承;人情;权力;市场

中图分类号：G80-051   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2021）02-0010-06

Abstract：At present， Folk Wushu is facing unprecedented inheritance crisis， which has become the epitome of the contradiction between tradition and modern in the process of modernization. Based on the field investigation of three boxing inheritance activities of Folk Wushu in Shandong Province， it is concluded that there are three characteristics of Folk Wushu inheritance： （1）putting Wushu belief and inheritance responsibility in the first place;（2）The "gift" of competition is full of inheritance process;（3）Always keep consistent with political discourse. The problems of inheritance are as follows：（1）low personal status makes it difficult to improve the overall level;（2）Adhere to the feelings， keep out of the market;（3）They are trapped in the relationship of human feelings and the separation of name and reality. The inheritance of folk martial arts can not get rid of the tradition. By improving the social status of folk martial arts （people）， regulating power with transparent policy implementation， and making the inheritance behavior follow the market rules， we can effectively deal with the time-varying to resolve the inheritance crisis.

Key words： folk Wushu; inheritance; human feelings; power; market

1 研究个案与分析框架

1.1 个案概况：在夹缝中生存的民间武术

面对强调分工协作和时间碎片化的现代社会，深具“传统”特质的中国武术危机日益深重[10]，在城乡融合、乡土社会迅速现代化的今天，民间武术首当其冲地落在传统与现代的“夹缝”之中。本研究立足个案田野调查，从人情社会视角切入构建分析框架、思考民间武术传承问题。本研究3个拳种的传承人分别代表了社会（尤其是市场化）变迁不同阶段的典型群体，其武术传承活动因关联城乡两端而面临传统人情社会与现代契约社会的矛盾，利于反映本研究关注的传承危机问题。此外，笔者与3位传承人长期保持了良好关系，加之交通便利，便于调研工作的开展。……