汽车海外工厂的CKD零件订购及库存管控
2021-08-04秦杰
秦杰


摘 要:海外采购的CKD件物流周期长,运输容易受到出口国的海关、海运、所在国海运等多环节的影响,库存占用资金大,物流成本高。 同时,随着2020年突然爆发的新冠状病毒疫情蔓延,加剧了海外CKD件尤其是进口芯片类物料供货紧张、短缺,导致生产减产甚至停产。本文通过分析订购周期,建立库存管理模型,实现CKD零件的库存精益管控,给新常态供应链的国际环境下提供借鉴。
关键词:CKD订购 库存管控 疫情保供
Ordering and Inventory Control of CKD Parts in Automobile Overseas Factories
Qin Jie
Abstract:The logistics cycle of CKD parts purchased overseas is long, and the transportation is easily affected by the customs, shipping, and shipping of the exporting country. The inventory takes up a large amount of funds and the logistics cost is high. At the same time, with the sudden spread of the new coronavirus epidemic in 2020, the supply of overseas CKD parts, especially imported chip materials, is intensified and is in shortage, resulting in production cuts or even suspension. This article analyzes the order cycle and establishes an inventory management model to achieve lean inventory control of CKD parts, which can provide a reference for the international environment of the new normal supply chain.
Key words:CKD ordering, inventory control, epidemic guarantee supply
1 引言
汽车主机厂走向国际,结合投资所在国的政策要求,CKD(零件级打散)出口至海外国家生产的方式将成为主流。基于销售滚动预测输入,主机厂物料计划部门通过给CKD供应商发布滚动计划,实施订购。
不同的订购方式,将导致供应链库存不同,采用的订购模型和管控方式也不同。海外供应商的交付准确性能力及海运、陆运等因素影响,基于确保生产的目的,需建立安全库存。而海外疫情对高科技含量高的零件供应影响,更加通过设定安全库存来降低生产响应的风险,但增加库存,意味着资金压力的增加,要兼顾供应链在途运输库存整体成本。
2 CKD零件的订购模型
2.1 零件的订购方式分类
按照下发订单方式,可分为按零件订购(PBP)和按台套(LOT)订购。
按零件订购是按最小包装数订购,利于大批量生产(如月产超过1000台),大量的利用零件的原包装进行KD包装,包装成本相对较低。
按台套订购,则以某台套数为一个批次(如24台套),大部分需拆分零件原包装进行二次包装,包装及制造成本较高。……
