于海天 杨峰 吕梅媛 胡朝芹 杨新 郑爱清 王玉宝 何玉华 王丽萍

摘要：【目的】分析伊朗鷹嘴豆种质农艺性状的遗传多样性，并进行综合评价，筛选出优异种质，为鹰嘴豆种质资源创新与新品种选育提供理论基础。【方法】以引进的133份伊朗鹰嘴豆种质为材料，分析其12个农艺性状的遗传变异系数和多样性指数，并对其进行聚类分析及主成分分析，在主成分分析的基础上进行综合D值评价，筛选出可用于鹰嘴豆种质综合评价的农艺性状指标及综合表现较好的种质。【结果】12个农艺性状的变异系数为6.03%～96.33%，秕荚数变异系数最大，以播种至开花期天数的变异系数最小。12个性状的Shannon多样性指数为1.4838～2.0716，平均值为1.8570，其中，单荚粒数、百粒重和播种至开花期天数的Shannon多样性指数较高，均高于2.0000;秕荚数、单株一级分枝数和有效分枝数的Shannon多样性指数较低，均低于1.7000。133份伊朗鹰嘴豆种质分为七大类群，其中，第Ⅰ和Ⅱ类群各包含1份种质，其中第Ⅰ类群具有高产、中晚熟特性;第Ⅱ类群具有大粒、晚熟、高杆特性;第Ⅲ类群包含6份种质，该类群具有晚熟、高杆特性;第Ⅳ类群包含14份种质，具有小粒特性;第Ⅴ类群包含7份种质，具有大荚、花期长、高产特性;第Ⅵ类群包含2份种质，具有花期一致、花期早的特性;第Ⅶ类群包含102份种质，具有大荚、矮杆特性。整体来看，12个性状中大部分性状间呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）相关，其中，在极显著相关的性状中，以播种至见花期天数与播种至开花期天数间、单株一级分枝数与有效分枝数间及单株产量与产量间的相关系数较大。前6个主成分（PC1～PC6）的累积贡献率为91.3798%，PC1的主要因子是实荚数和有效分枝数;PC2的主要因子是生育期相关性状;PC3的主要因子是产量和单株产量，为产量因子;PC4的主要因子是见花至开花期天数，为花期因子;PC5的主要因子是单荚粒数;PC6的主要因子是秕荚数。综合评价D值大于0.5000的种质有26份，其中综合评价D值大于0.6000的种质有6份，说明这些伊朗鹰嘴豆综合表现较好。【结论】伊朗鹰嘴豆资源遗传多样性丰富，初步筛选到26份综合表现较好的鹰嘴豆种质，可作为我国鹰嘴豆种质创新基础材料。实荚数、有效分枝数、播种至开花期天数、单株产量、见花至开花期天数、单荚粒数、秕荚数和株高8个性状可作为鹰嘴豆种质资源综合评价的主要指标。

关键词： 伊朗鹰嘴豆;种质资源;农艺性状;遗传多样性;综合评价

中图分类号： S529.024                              文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）03-0769-10

Genetic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits of chickpea resources from Iran

YU Hai-tian， YANG Feng， LYU Mei-yuan， HU Chao-qin， YANG Xin， ZHENG Ai-qing， WANG Yu-bao， HE Yu-hua*， WANG Li-ping*

（Institute of Food Crops， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming  650205， China）

Abstract：【Objective】In order to study the genetic diversity of agronomic traits of  chickpea resources from Iran， evaluate them comprehensively and select the excellent resources which could be the theoretical basis and excellent resources for innovative utilization of chickpea and variety breeding. 【Method】Twelve agronomic traits of 133 chickpea resources from Iran were analyzed by variation coefficient，genetic diversity index，correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis and comprehensive D value analysis to select the major agronomic traits that could be used in comprehensive evaluation of chickpea，and screen for excellent resources. 【Result】The coefficient of variation（CV） of 12 agronomic traits were 6.03% to 96.33%，of which the number of pods with no seeds per plant（NPNS） had the largest CV and the days from sowing to flowering period（DSFP） had the smallest CV. The Shannon diversity index of 12 traits were 1.4838 to 2.0716 with the average index of 1.8570，of which the number of seeds per pod（NSPP），hundred seeds weight（HSW），and DSFP were all higher than 2.0000，of which the NPNS，number of branches（NB），and number of branches with pods（NBP） were all lower than 1.7000. Cluster analysis showed that 133 chickpea resources could be clustered into seven groups，of which the group Ⅰ included one germplasm，with the characteristic of high yield and mid-early mature，group Ⅱ included one germplasm，with the characteristic of big seed，early-mature and high plant height，group Ⅲ included six germplasms，with the characteristic of late-mature and high plant height，group Ⅳ included fourteen germplasms，with the characteristic of small seed，group Ⅴincluded five germplasm，with the characteristic of big pod，long flowering period and high yield，group Ⅵ included two germplasms，with characteristic of good consistency of flowering period and early-flowering，group Ⅶ included one hundred and two germplasms，with the characteristic of big pod and short plant height. Almost all the agronomic traits showed significant（P<0.05） or extremely significant（P<0.01） correlation with each other，of which the correlation index between days from sowing to first flower（DSFF） and days from so-wing to flowering period（DSFP），between NB and NBP，and between yield per plant（YP） and yield per hectare（YH） were much higher than others. Principle component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the top six principal components（PC1-PC6） was 91.3798%. Main factors of PC1 were NPSP and NBP， that of PC2 was period of growth， those of PC3 were YH and YP， those of PC4 were days from first flower to flowering period（DFFP）， that of PC5 was NSPP and that of PC6 was NPNS. A total of twenty six germplasms showed comprehensive scores D value over 0.5000，of which six resources had comprehensive scores D value over 0.6000， indicating these resources had fine comprehensive performance. 【Conclusion】Chickpea resources from Iran perform well in genetic diversity. Twenty-six germplasm resources with better comprehensive characteristics are selected. Eight traits，including number of pods with seeds per plant（NPSP），NBP，DSFP，YP，DFFP，NSPP，NPNS，and PH can be main indexes for comprehensive evaluation of chickpea resources.

Key words： chickpea resources from Iran; germplasm resource; agronomic traits; genetic diversity; comprehensive evaluation

Foundation item： Construction Project of National Food Legume Crop Industry Technical System （CARS-08-G07）; Training Project of Innovative Talent for Yunnan（202005AD160013）; Chengxuzhen Expert Workstation Project of Qujing（2020-2023）

0 引言

【研究意义】鹰嘴豆……