任保兰 耿建建 吕亚 原慧芳 郑诚 杨焱

摘要：【目的】探究辣木幼苗對淹水胁迫的生理响应规律及其耐涝性，为辣木耐涝品种选育及抗涝栽培机理研究提供参考。【方法】供试材料为多油辣木（Moringa oleifera Lam.）、PKM1（多油辣木中选育出的品种）、狭瓣辣木[Mo-ringa stenopetala（Baker f.） Cufod]，设置正常水分（CK）和淹水处理，胁迫后测定辣木幼苗叶片的可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、脯氨酸（Pro）、Chl a、Chl b、类胡萝卜素（Car）、Chl a/b、Chl a+b、总叶绿素（Chl T）、暗适应初始荧光（Fo）、暗适应最大荧光（Fm）、光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光适应下PSII实际光化学量子产量（ΦPSII）、光合电子传递速率（ETR）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP），并综合评价多油辣木、PKM1和狭瓣辣木的耐涝性。【结果】PKM1和狭瓣辣木的SS、SP和Pro含量在淹水后较CK分别显著上升38.64%、86.81%、351.07%和69.66%、139.22%、567.69%（P<0.05，下同）;淹水后，多油辣木的SS含量较CK显著上升29.12%，但SP含量显著下降55.35%。淹水后，多油辣木的Chl b含量较CK显著下降36.59%，狭瓣辣木的Car含量较CK显著上升57.14%;多油辣木、PKM1和狭瓣辣木的Chl a/b含量在淹水后较CK分别显著上升36.41%、38.92%和26.34%。淹水后，多油辣木、PKM1和狭瓣辣木的Fo较CK显著上升，Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、ETR、qP较CK分别显著下降，NPQ与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）;PKM1和狭瓣辣木的Fm在淹水后较CK分别显著下降37.79%和34.90%。快速光响应曲线结果显示，淹水后多油辣木、PKM1和狭瓣辣木的ETRmax分别下降;淹水处理ETRmax的排序依次为狭瓣辣木>PKM1>多油辣木。利用主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析等多元分析方法对16个单指标进行综合分析可知，其耐涝性依次为狭瓣辣木>PKM1>多油辣木。【结论】淹水导致辣木幼苗的渗透调节物质上调，且严重影响植株的光合和叶绿素荧光特性。因此，在辣木幼苗期应加强涝渍防控，出现积水应及时排水。在涝害发生频繁的区域应选择耐涝性品种。

关键词： 辣木;生理响应;耐涝性;综合评价

中图分类号： S792.99                              文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）03-0789-08

Physiological response and tolerance evaluation to waterlogging in moringa at seedling stage

REN Bao-lan， GENG Jian-jian， LYU Ya， YUAN Hui-fang， ZHENG Cheng， YANG Yan*

（Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops， Jinghong， Yunnan  666100， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of waterlogging on physiological response and waterlogging tolerance of moringa seedlings， provide reference for the breeding of waterlogging-tolerant cultivars and the study for waterlogging-tolerant cultivation mechanism of moringa. 【Method】Moringa oleifera Lam.， PKM1（a variety of M. oleifera） and Moringa stenopetala （Baker f.） Cufod. were used as experimental materials. Experimental treatments consisted of no waterlogging（CK） and  waterlogging. The experiment was performed to explore the effects of waterlogging on soluble sugar（SS）， soluble protein（SP）， proline（Pro）， chlorophyll a（Chl a）， chlorophyll b（Chl b）， carotenoid（Car）， chlorophyll a/b（Chl a/b）， chlorophyll a+b（Chl a+b）， total chlorophyll（Chl T）， minimal fluorescence（Fo）， maximum fluorescence（Fm）， photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ）  （Fv/Fm）， actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（ΦPSII）， electron transportation rate（ETR）， non-photochemical quenching coefficient （NPQ） and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP） of moringa， and to evaluate the waterlogging tolerance of M. oleifera， PKM1 and M. stenopetala. 【Result】Results showed that SS， SP and Pro of PKM1 and M. stenopetala were significantly increased by 38.64%， 86.81%， 351.07% and 69.66%， 139.22%， 567.69%， respectively， compared to CK（P<0.05， the same below）. SS of M. oleifera was significantly increased by 29.12% compared to CK， but SP was significantly decreased by 55.35%. Chl b of M. oleifera was significantly decreased by 36.59% compared to CK， and Car of M. stenopetala was significantly increased by 57.14%. Chl a/b of M. oleifera， PKM1 and M. stenopetala were significantly increased by 36.41%， 38.92% and 26.34%， respectively， compared to CK. Fo of M. oleifera， PKM1 and M. stenopetala were significantly increased after waterlogging compared to CK. Fv/Fm， ΦPSII， ETR and qP of all experimental materials were significantly decreased after waterlogging compared to CK，and NPQ was not significantly different from CK（P>0.05）. Fm of PKM1 and M. stenopetala were significantly decreased by 37.79% and 34.90%， respectively， compared to CK. The fast light response curves showed that， the ETRmax of M. oleifera， PKM1 and M. stenopetala were decreased after waterlogging. ETR max rank after waterlogging was  M. stenopetala>PKM1>M. oleifera. By using multivariate analysis methods such as principal component analysis， membership function method and cluster analysis， the comprehensive analysis of 16 single indexes showed that the waterlogging resistance ranked as M. stenopetala>PKM1>M. oleifera. 【Conclusions】Waterlogging increases osmotic adjustment substances of moringa seedlings， and seriously affects photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. Therefore， the prevention and control of waterlogging should be streng-thened at the seedling stage of moringa， and the water should be drained in time. Waterlogging-tolerant varieties should be selected in the area where waterlogging occurs frequently.

Key words： moringa; physiological response; waterlogging tolerance; comprehensive evaluation

Foundation item： National Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Project（CARS-11-YNZZB）; Protection of Species and Varieties Resources Project（Tropical Crops）of  Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs（18190034）; Young Talents Growth Fund Project of Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops（QNCZ2020-6）

0 引言

【研究意义】辣木是辣木属（Moringa）多年生热带速生落叶乔木，原产于印度及非洲，是一种热带亚热带多功能植物。辣木叶含有丰富的……