关于燃煤电厂脱硫废水处理工艺的研究进展
2021-07-28房慧武宇鹏
房慧 武宇鹏
摘 要:脱硫废水是燃煤电厂的最终废水,成分复杂,很难处理。综述了脱硫废水的来源、水质及处理工艺,概括了各项工艺的原理、处理流程及优缺点,为之后处理方法的改进提出参考。脱硫废水的处理工艺主要分为:化学沉淀法、吸附法、生物处理法、电絮凝法及零排放处理工艺。化学沉淀法是目前我国应用范围最广泛的方法,多作为脱硫废水的前处理阶段。其他工艺仍处于较小规模实验阶段。零排放是未来脱硫废水处理发展方向,但目前投资大、耗能高,需要不断改进技术,降低成本。
关键词:脱硫废水 化学沉淀 零排放 重金属处理
中图分类号:X70 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)03(a)-0066-06
Research Progress on FGD Wastewater Treatment Technology in Coal-fired Power Plants
FANG Hui WU Yupeng*
(College of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030024 China)
Abstract: Flue gas desulfurization(FGD) wastewater is the final wastewater of coal-fired power plants, with complex components and difficult to treat. The source, water quality and treatment process of FGD wastewater are reviewed, and the principle, treatment process, advantages and disadvantages of each process are summarized, and references are provided for the improvement of subsequent treatment methods. The treatment process of FGD wastewater is mainly divided into: chemical precipitation, adsorption, biological treatment, electrocoagulation and zero liquid discharge technology. The chemical precipitation is currently the most widely used method in China, and it is mostly used as the pretreatment stage of FGD wastewater treatment. Other processes are still in the stage of small-scale experiments. Zero liquid discharge technology is the future development direction of FGD wastewater treatment, but the current investment is large and energy consumption is high, and it is necessary to continuously improve technology and reduce costs.
Key Words: FGD wastewater; Chemical precipitation; Zero liquid discharge; Heavy metal treatment
在我國,火力发电占据着主导地位,截止2018年,我国的火力发电总量达到了49794.7亿kW·h,约为全国发电总量的73.23%。在火电厂发电工艺中,石灰石(石灰)-石膏湿法脱硫工艺是目前世界上应用范围最广、工艺技术最成熟的标准脱硫工艺技术[1]。
在湿法脱硫工艺过程中,烟气中的F离子和CI离子在吸收塔内溶解,使石灰浆液中两种离子浓度升高,从而影响脱硫效率。为保证脱硫系统稳定运行,保证脱硫效率,需将石灰浆液中的CI离子浓度维持在1~1.5万mg/L,就要从系统中排出一定量的废水进入水力旋流器,在水力旋流器中石膏与水分离,排出的废水进入脱硫废水处理系统,这部分废水称之为脱硫废水。
脱硫废水作为电厂的终端废水,水质恶劣,对设备及环境有极大危害[2]。2015年4月16日,国务院颁……
