孙霖琳

DOI： 10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2010-5042-2975

摘  要：该文在研究德语宾语从句和汉语兼语句的结构和意义的基础上，归纳这两种句式的相似性，同时指出两种句型并非一一对应的，两者之间存在不对等性。该文分别基于德语宾语从句4种常见句型和汉语兼语句的特殊结构作为标准，列出对应的句型，通过语言迁移理论的分析，对学习者德语宾语从句习得提出教学建议，希望对我国进行第二语言德语学习的学生有所帮助。

关键词：语言迁移  兼语句  德语宾语从句  对比

中图分类号：H319.3                          文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）03（b）-0167-04

The Influence of Language Transfer on German Teaching

—— from the Perspective of the Comparison between the German Object Clause and the Chinese Clauses

SUN Linlin

（School of Foreign Languages， Shenyang Ligong University， Shenyang， Liaoning Province， 110000  China）

Abstract： Based on the research of the structure and meaning between German object clause and Chinese concurrent sentence， this paper summarizes the similarity of German object clause and Chinese concurrent sentence， contrasts different types of German object clause with the corresponding Chinese sentence structure. At the same time， it is pointed out that the two sentence patterns are not one-to-one correspondence and there is a non-correspondence between them. Based on the four common sentence patterns of German object clauses and the special structure of Chinese concurrent sentences as the standards， the corresponding sentence patterns are listed. By the analysis of the theory of language transfer， some teaching suggestions are proposed for learners to acquire German object clauses. Hopefully， it can be helpful for the students who study German as a second language in our country.

Key Words： Language transfer; Chinese concurrent sentence; German object clause; Comparison

學习者在学习第二语言的过程中，利用自身母语相关的一些发音、词语、句子结构规则以及习惯来表述思想的现象即是语言迁移（language transfer）。当母语的语言规则和第二语言的语言规则是一致的，就会对目标语产生积极的影响，为正迁移（positive transfer）;与之相反，母语的语言规则不符合外语的习惯，对外语学习产生消极影响，则为负迁移（negative trans-fer）。德语和汉语分别来自于印欧语系和汉藏语系，宾语从句和兼语句分别是德语与汉语的重点语法句型，该文意在从句子逻辑意义和结构层面对德语宾语从句和汉语兼语句进行对比研究，发现语言迁移对学生学习德语宾语从句的影响，提出有效的学习建议。

1  德语宾语从句及相关句式

单句可以用来简单阐述仅涉及人、物和事件的事实，如果一个句子中的某个成分不是由一个简单的单词或词组充当，而是由一个完整的句子来充当，这个句子就是德语的复合从句。……