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调节焦点视角下创业者决策策略研究

2021-07-27吴迪林海天宇

科技创新导报 2021年4期

吴迪 林海天宇

摘  要:创业者在创业过程中需要不断做出决策。这些决策至关重要,常常事关创业企业的生死存亡。近年来理论界围绕创业者的决策策略开展了广泛研究,尤其以调节焦点理论为基础的研究成果颇为丰富。基于调节焦点理论的视角,创业者的决策策略可以分为促进型决策与预防型决策两种类别。本研究发现,创业者决策过程中对决策策略的运用并非一成不变,而是会随着创业环境、创业阶段与决策任务等决策情境的变化不断进行调整。

关键词:创业者  决策  调节焦点  促进焦点  预防焦点

中图分类号:F279                               文献标识码:A                    文章编号:1674-098X(2021)02(a)-0146-04

Research on Entrepreneurs' Decision-making Strategies from the Perspective of Regulatory Focus Theory

WU Di1 LIN Haitianyu2*

(1.Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000 China;2.Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou College of Commerce, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310000 China)

Abstract: Entrepreneurs need to make decisions constantly in the process of starting a business. These decisions are crucial, often making the difference between life and death for a start-up. In recent years, researchers have carried out extensive research on entrepreneurs' decision-making strategies, especially the research results based on the theory of regulatory focus are quite abundant. From the perspective of regulatory focus theory, entrepreneurs' decision-making strategies can be divided into two categories: promotional decision-making and preventive decision-making. This study found that the application of decision-making strategies in the decision-making process of entrepreneurs is not static, but constantly adjusted with the change of the entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial stage, decision-making task and other decision-making situations.

Key Words: Entrepreneur; Decision-making; Regulatory focus; Promotion focus; Prevention focus

创业者在创业过程中面临着不断变化的内外部环境以及不断演进的组织过程。创业者如何在创业过程中的不同阶段依靠自身具备的决策判断能力作出最有利于创业企业生存与发展的关键决策一直是创业领域学者高度关注的问题。研究表明,创业者的决策活动必须随着决策情境的变化进行有针对性的调整。

创业者决策不同于通常意义上的领导者或管理者决策,其特殊的决策背景决定了研究者必须给予创业这一情境以足够的重视。首先,创业活动的高度动态不确定性是创业者决策研究的关键现实背景[1]。其次,创业活动的过程阶段性也被越来越多的研究者所重视,并成为刻画创业者决策认知特征变化的重要分析框架[2]。

在近年发表的创业者决策研究中,调节焦点理论被广泛采用为研究的分析视角,用以区分与解构创业者作出的各类决策。……

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