摘  要：针对铁路25T型密接式车钩提钩作业中存在的提钩困难和安全隐患问题，分析得出25T型密接式车钩的结构设计特点是导致提钩人员不易提开车钩的主要原因，对25T型密接式车钩施行人力提钩作业是造成劳动安全隐患问题的重要原因。因此，将25T型密接式车钩的结构设计特点造成的人工提钩劣势转换为机器提钩优势是遥控电动提钩机设计的技术要点。对25T型密接式车钩所需提钩力的大小进行研究计算，对遥控提钩机受到的拉、压及剪切应力进行校核，并以此进行遥控电动提钩机的设计。利用功能守恒定律、力偶矩平衡原理、杠杆原理对提钩机的设计进行技术论证，最终研制出一款体积小、质量轻、操作简单、工作安全的提钩工具。

关键词：密接式车钩  安全隐患  改进创新  力偶矩平衡  功能守恒定律

中图分类号：U270                             文献标识码：A                    文章编号：1674-098X（2021）02（a）-0061-06

Research on the remote control electric hook lifter based on the structural characteristics of 25T close-coupled coupler

WAN Xinxing

（Yinchuan Station of China Railway Lanzhou Administration Group Corporation， Yinchuan， Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， 750011 China）

Abstract： In view of the difficulties and potential safety problems existing in the lifting operation of 25t type tight coupler， it is concluded that the structural design characteristics of 25t type tight coupler are the main reasons for the difficulty of lifting the coupler， and the manual lifting operation of 25t type tight coupler is the important reason for the potential labor safety problems. Therefore， the key point of the design of the remote control electric hook lifting machine is to transform the disadvantage of manual hook lifting caused by the structural design characteristics of 25t type tight coupler into the advantage of machine hook lifting. This paper studies and calculates the hook lifting force required for 25T type tight coupler， checks the tension， compression and shear stress of the remote control hook lifting machine， and designs the remote control electric hook lifting machine. Using the law of conservation of function， the balance principle of couple moment and the lever principle， the design of the hook lifting machine is demonstrated. Finally， a hook lifting tool with small volume， light weight， simple operation and safe work is developed.

Key Words： close-coupled coupler; potential safety hazard; improvement and innovation; balance of moment of couple; law of conservation of function

25T型密接式车钩为所有动车车钩的前身，而现有高铁复兴号及CRH系列（CRH2除外）动车的车钩均采用自动提钩装置。25T型密接式车钩不仅可以防止脱钩、跳钩等问题，还有利于车体平缓运行，具有减震和提高列车运行技术速度的作用，目前國内速度等级较高的直达客车和绿巨人客车体均为25T型密接式车钩。但因为动车的自动提钩装置其造价成本以及相应配套设备装设造价很高，所以对直达客车体及“绿巨人”客车体实现该自动提钩技术在经济上并不现实[1-3]。但在实际生产中，25T型密接式车钩手动提钩作业的安全问题和效率问题，长期以来一直是困扰铁路调车组作业的重要技术难题。……