湖北黄石某工程岩土特性及基坑开挖地质灾害勘察研究
2021-07-27周淼
周淼



摘 要:本文对湖北黄石风化花岗质片麻岩的成因、级配、分类及不同风化状态的岩土工程特性进行了综合研究。确定了在开挖过程中产生地质灾害的风化花岗质片麻岩的岩土工程特征,包括粒度分布不均匀、残积土水软化和球形风化巨石等。确定了存在流沙和管涌、地面沉降甚至坍塌、地下连续墙的挖沟困难等地质灾害。提出了防治这些地质灾害的对策,这些措施在基坑开挖工程中得到了应用。
关键词:风化花岗片麻岩 岩土工程特点 基坑開挖 地质灾害
中图分类号:P694;TU753 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2021)02(a)-0007-05
Geotechnical Characteristics of a project in Huangshi, Hubei Province and Geological Hazard Investigation of Foundation pit Excavation
ZHOU Miao
(Wuhan survey and Design Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430000 China)
Abstract: In this paper, the genesis, gradation, classification and geotechnical engineering characteristics of weathered granitic gneiss in Huangshi, Hubei Province are comprehensively studied. The geotechnical characteristics of weathered granitic gneiss, which caused geological disasters during excavation, are determined, including uneven particle size distribution, water softening of residual soil and spherical weathered boulders. The geological disasters such as quicksand and piping, ground subsidence and even collapse, and difficulties in trenching underground diaphragm wall are determined. The countermeasures to prevent and control these geological disasters are put forward. These measures have been applied in foundation pit excavation engineering.
Key Words: Weathered granite gneiss; Geotechnical engineering characteristics; Foundation pit excavation; Geological hazard
1 风化花岗片麻岩工程特性研究
花岗质片麻岩又称黑云母钾长石片麻岩,是花岗岩变质作用的产物。花岗岩是花岗质岩浆侵入沉积地层并冷却形成的一种岩浆岩类型。在这个过程中,大量埋藏的酸性火山岩转化为花岗岩。在岩石应力作用下,花岗岩中的矿物被挤压,最后再结晶成花岗质片麻岩。因此,花岗质片麻岩的矿物成分在化学上与花岗岩相似,花岗岩由长石、黑云母、石英和角闪石组成。其特点是明暗相间的层状结构。未风化花岗质片麻岩致密坚硬,抗压强度高,抗腐蚀性好。然而,花岗质片麻岩一旦暴露在地表,与水、空气和阳光接触,就会沿着其层状结构的薄弱结构面发生剪切滑移破坏。经过物理和化学风化作用,不断变化,最终形成各种风化状态的风化花岗质片麻岩。风化花岗质片麻岩呈块状,粗粒成分为石英、长石、云母,充填物以风化长石为主的粘土矿物。……
