王迪

摘  要：目的  探讨大学生父亲缺位与安全感、自尊的关系及父亲缺位对大学生安全感、自尊的影响。方法  采用问卷对长春大学500名大学生进行调查。结果  （1）22.48%的大学生存在父亲缺位;（2）不同父亲在位品质大学生的安全感存在差异，父亲在位大学生安全感得分显著高于父亲缺位大学生;（3）不同父亲在位品质大学生在自尊方面存在差异，父亲在位的大学生自尊方面的得分显著高于父亲缺位大学生;（4）大学生父亲缺位与其安全感呈正相关，与自尊的相关不显著;（5）大学生父亲缺位对其安全感有显著的正向预测作用，但不能显著预测其自尊。结论  父亲缺位对大学生安全感有显著影响，父亲缺位不利于大学生安全感的发展。

关键词：大学生  父亲缺位  安全感  自尊

中图分类号：G632                            文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）03（a）-0212-03

the Influence of Father Absence on college students' sense of Security and Self-esteem

WANG Di

（Mental Health Education Center， Changchun University， Changchun， Jilin Province， 130022 China）

Abstract： Objective  To explore the relationship between father absence and self-esteem and the influence of father absence on self-esteem of college students. Method  Five hundred college students in Changchun University were investigated. Results  （1）22.48% of college students have father absence; （2）The sense of security of college students with different qualities of fathers status is different， and the score of sense of security of college students with fathers in office is significantly higher than that of college students with absent fathers; （3）The self-esteem of college students with different qualities of fathers status is different， and the self-esteem score of college students with fathers in office is significantly higher than that of college students with absent fathers; （4）The absence of fathers in college students is positively correlated with their sense of security， but not significantly correlated with self-esteem; （5）The absence of fathers in college students has a significant positive predictive effect on their sense of security， but not on their self-esteem.Conclusion  The absence of father has a significant influence on college students' sense of security， which is not conducive to the development of college students' sense of security.

Key Words： College students; Father absence; A sense of security; Self-esteem

父親缺位（Father absence）又称父亲缺失或父亲角色缺失。Rotund指出父亲缺位主要包括两个方面：一是身体的缺位;二是指心理的缺位，或是父亲功能的缺位。该文采用Rotund的定义，将其界定为父亲教育缺失。自尊是个体做出自我价值判断后产生的主观感受和体验，是发展心理学与教育心理学研究自我时重点考察的一个概念。

父亲缺位对子女人格、认知、智力发展和学业成绩等方面都具有显著影响。父亲缺位的情况已经成了世界各国都需要面临的问题。我国正处于高速发展时，父亲忙于事业反而忽略了家庭，家庭不和睦离婚率逐年上升等多方面原因，也产生了“父亲缺位”现象。……