李艳菊 赵珊 倪少仁 王莹

摘要：生态环境损害赔偿制度是贯彻习近平生态文明思想的具体举措，规范生态环境损害赔偿责任、构建生态环境损害赔偿制度体系是加快推进生态文明建设的重要保障。目前，甘肃省已基本建立生态环境损害赔偿制度体系。甘肃省在制度试行、案例实践中大胆探索，形成了一批经验做法，但也面临鉴定费用高，义务人偿还能力低，专业能力薄弱，检察、行政机关联动协作不够，监督机制待完善，思想认识缺乏，索赔工作程序有简化空间，部门职责不明确，材料规范缺乏等现实问题。因此，为保证生态环境损害赔偿制度改革稳步推进，甘肃省可以围绕上述问题逐步完善生态环境损害赔偿制度体系。

关键词：生态环境损害赔偿制度;典型案例;现实问题

中图分类号：DF468    文献标识码：A    文章编号：2095-672X（2021）01-0046-08

DOI.10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2021.01.007

Research on the practice of compensation system for ecological environment damage in Gansu

Li Yanjv， Zhao Shan， Ni Shaoren， Wang Ying

（Gansu Appraisal Center for Ecological Environment & Engineering， Lanzhou 730030， China）

Abstract：The ecological environment damage compensation system is a specific measure to implement Xi Jinping's thoughts on ecological civilization. Regulating the compensation liability for ecological environmental damage and building an ecological environmental damage compensation system are important guarantees for accelerating the construction of ecological civilization. At present， Gansu has basically established an ecological environment damage compensation system. Gansu has made bold explorations in system trials and case practices， and has formed a number of empirical practices. However， it also faces high appraisal costs， low repayment ability of obligors， weak professional capabilities， insufficient coordination between procuratorial agencies and administrative agencies， and supervision mechanisms to be improved. Lack of awareness， room for simplification of claims procedures， unclear department responsibilities， lack of material specifications and other practical problems. Therefore， in order to ensure the steady progress of the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system， Gansu can gradually improve the ecological environment damage compensation system around the above problems.

Key words：Ecological environment damage compensation system; Typical case; Real problem

引言

生態环境损害是指因污染环境、破坏生态造成大气、地表水、地下水、土壤、森林等环境要素和植物、动物、微生物等生物要素的不利改变，以及上述要素构成的生态系统功能退化[1]。生态环境损害赔偿是指生态环境损害责任人以赔偿的方式承担生态环境损害法律责任的生态环境损害救济方式[2]。

早期《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》中规定污染者因污染环境造成损害的应当承担侵权责任，但该侵权责任侧重于污染环境和破坏生态行为导致的财产损失和人身伤害，忽视了污染环境和破坏生态行为对生态环境本身造成的损害即生态环境损害，但往往该损害又是巨大的、不可逆转的[3-4]。……