摘要：正确进行回收处置是医疗废物管理工作中的关键环节，也是防控传染病、保障公共健康的必要手段，应当给予足够重视。针对医疗废物回收处置工作中日益暴露出的规范性法律文件亟待完善、覆盖范围有限、规定不够细化、配套措施片面滞后等不足，在现有有关医疗废物回收处置法规基础之上完善缺漏，将医疗废物回收处置、重大突发公共卫生事件应急处理与建立健全基层医疗废物污染防控支持体系等先进理念有机结合，以构建完备科学的医疗废物回收处置法律体系、护航生态安全与公众健康。

关键词：医疗废物;回收处置;無害化;立法体系化;生态补偿

中图分类号：X197    文献标识码：A    文章编号：2095-672X（2021）01-0035-11

DOI.10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2021.01.006

Legal research on perfecting the system of medical waste recycling and disposal in China

Shao Mengyuan

（College of Arts and Law， Northeastern University， Shenyang Liaoning 110000，China）

Abstract：Correct recycling and disposal is a key link in the management of medical waste， as well as a necessary means to prevent and control infectious diseases and protect public health， and sufficient attention should be paid. In response to the increasingly prominent normative legal documents in the medical waste recycling and disposal work that urgently need to be improved， the coverage is limited， the regulations are not detailed enough， and the supporting measures are lagging behind， the current medical waste recycling and disposal laws and The scientific combination of advanced concepts such as waste recycling and disposal， emergency treatment of major public health emergencies， and the establishment and improvement of the grassroots medical waste pollution prevention and control support system， to build a complete and efficient legal system for medical waste recycling and disposal， and escort ecological safety and public health.

Key words：Medical waste; Recycling and disposal; Harmlessness; Legislative systemization; Ecological compensation

前言

医疗废物既可能经过合理的回收处置环节变废为宝，也可能在不当的回收处置过程中成为污染环境危及人体健康的源头或不法分子牟取不义之财的原材料等，这主要取决于是否存在完备的针对性法规体系以严格规制回收处置环节的行为。我国虽已相继出台与医疗废物管理工作相关的管理条例与防治法规，但关键的回收处置环节只涉及其中部分规定未能得到充分重视，且相较于其他域外国家与地区完备且与时俱进的医疗废物回收处置法律体系尚需进一步完善。

1    医疗废物概述

医疗废物（Medical Waste）包括容器和其他任何中间产品，是指在人类、动物或其他生物在具体的医疗过程中或是在医学实验研究过程中抑或是在任何医学保健过程中产生的所有废物。……