摘要：预防性责任作为与补偿性责任相对立的责任形式，若能在环境侵权领域得到适用与推广，将更为积极地贯彻民法“回复原状”的价值目标。然而，我国侵权法体系在该类责任的施行上存在立法规范稀缺、条文适用矛盾、司法应用不足的固有缺陷，这同长久以来对赔偿损害理念的过度痴迷息息相关。因此，相关机构应增加并完善预防性责任的内容规范、消除条文冲突，进而在司法领域改变旧有理念，以推动该类责任方式得到实质贯彻。

关键词：预防性责任;补偿性责任;威胁;停止侵害;损害赔偿

中图分类号：D912.6    文献标识码：A    文章编号：2095-672X（2021）01-0007-08

DOI.10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2021.01.002

The popularization and application of preventive liability in environmental tort

Zhou Xu

（Hunan Normal University Faculty of law， Changsha Hu'nan 410081，China）

Abstract： If the preventive liability， which is opposite to the compensatory liability， can be applied and popularized in the field of environmental tort， it will be more active to carry out the value goal of "restitution" in civil law. However， the enforcement of this kind of liability in the tort law system of our country has some inherent defects， such as the scarcity of legislative norms， the contradiction in the application of articles and the insufficiency of judicial application， which is closely related to the excessive obsession with the idea of compensation for damages. Therefore， relevant agencies should increase and improve the content of preventive liability norms， eliminate provisions of conflict， and change the old ideas in the judicial field， to promote the substantive implementation of this type of liability.

Key words： Preventive responsibility;Compensatory liability;Threat;Cessation of violations;Compensation for damages

在民法领域，填平原则一向是侵权责任落实的根本指导理念。[1]如恢复原状、赔偿损失等“填补损害”的责任承担方式几乎成为所有民事侵权案件的适用重心。然而，在侵权主体渐趋模糊且损害不易确定的环境侵权领域，填补式的责任承担形式已无法适应不断增多的环境诉讼，且也难以根治环境损害问题。故理当在立法领域推广并完善具有预防性质的法律责任形式，进而使环境真正恢复到无损害的“应然状态”。如此方可切实推动环保事业发展，达成“排除危害”的理想目标。

1    预防性责任在侵权法体系中的表现

及适用

所谓预防性责任，即民事责任中具有警示教育、积极救济作用的责任承担形式。在我国《民法典》的侵权责任编中主要表现为停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险三种方式，而在《环境保护法》中还包括“排除危害”这一特殊责任。……