摘要：在我国环境权本位问题上，现存在“权利本位说”“义务本位说”以及“公众环境利益说”几种观点。目前学界主流观点是以权利本位的视角去讨论环境权的各种问题，同时兼存其他观点的争论。“权利说”或“义务说”无疑是走向了一个问题的两个极端，单路径的思维方式难以达成环境法设定的价值理念与目标。“公众环境利益说”试图模糊环境权私权利的基本属性，将环境整体利益作为环境法领域的唯一保护对象，忽视了没有个体主义的关怀就难以达成环境法战略蓝图的问题。将法权中心主义与环境法相融合由此引出的全新核心范畴“环境法法权”可以有效统筹各种概念和现象，并由此可展开以环境权利和环境权力为基本支撑的理论构建。

关键词：环境权;环境法本位;法权中心主义;环境法法权

中图分类号：X197    文献标识码：A    文章编号：2095-672X（2021）01-0021-08

DOI.10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2021.01.004

Research on the standard of environmental law from the perspective of Faquanism

Men Xiaohang

（East China University of Political Science and Law，Shanghai 200050，China）

Abstract：On the issue of the standard of environmental rights in China， there are several viewpoints such as "right standard"， "obligation standard" and "public environmental interests". At present， the mainstream point of view in the academic circle is to discuss various issues of environmental rights from the perspective of right standard， and there are also arguments from other points of view. There is no doubt that "right theory" or "obligation theory" has gone to the two extremes of a problem. It is difficult to achieve the values and goals set by environmental law with a single way of thinking. "Public environmental interest theory" attempts to blur the basic attributes of environmental rights and private rights， regards the overall interests of the environment as the only protection object in the field of environmental law， and ignores the problem that it is difficult to achieve the strategic blueprint of environmental law without the concern of individualism. The new core category "Faquanism of environmental law" derived from the integration of Faquanism and environmental law can effectively coordinate various concepts and phenomena， and thus can carry out theoretical construction based on environmental rights and environmental rights.

Key words：Environmental right; Environmental law standard; Faquanism; Faquanism of environment law

引言

法理學说上存在着法律本位之争。所谓法律本位之争是指关于在法律部门中解决社会矛盾的基本立场之争或者指法的基本观念、基本目的之争。持有什么样的法律本位观念就决定了思考有关法律问题的出发点。这一法理学上的争论介入到我国环境法领域逐渐就形成了“权利本位说” “义务本位说”以及“环境公众利益说”。但是从长期以来的环境法实践效果上看，以上几种观点存在理论难以反映现实、规范与学理相互冲突、体系构建不够完整等几个方面的问题，而这些问题的形成与在环境权本位问题上的思考有着紧密联系。……