叶昌宝 陈丹婷 张鹏 冯健文

摘要：基础教育STEM教育和创客教育教师的紧缺使得信息技术学科师范生培养改革问题受到重视。本文对中国知网从2010～2019年关于STEM教育的文献数据进行分析，发现文献数量逐年递增，高中相关的文献增速较大，通过VOSViewer的文献共词分析得到五个聚类，发现STEM教育在中学开展较多、创新能力培养、STEM教学模式、项目式学习和跨学科受到关注、核心素养与STEM教育密切相关，提出加強师范生创造力培养、跨学科知识融合、项目式学习培养核心素养和模拟教学场景训练的建议，为改革高校相关师范专业课程体系提供借鉴。

关键词：STEM教育;创客教育;中小学教育;信息技术;师范生培养;VOSViewer

中图分类号：G642        文献标识码：A

文章编号：1009-3044（2021）16-0151-03

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Visual Analysis of Normal Students' Training Status based on STEM and Maker Education

YE Chang-bao1， CHEN Dan-ting1， ZHANG Peng1， FENG Jian-wen2

（1.School of Computer and Information Engineering， Hanshan Normal University， Chaozhou 521041，China; 2. Dean's Office， Hanshan Normal University， Chaozhou 521041， China）

Abstract： Due to the shortage of stem education and maker education teachers in basic education， the training reform of normal students in information technology discipline has been paid attention to. This paper analyzes the literature data of stem education from 2010 to 2019 in CNKI. It is found that the number of literature is increasing year by year， and the literature related to senior high school is growing rapidly. Through the co word analysis of VOSviewer， five clusters are obtained. It is found that stem education is carried out more in middle school， innovation ability training， stem teaching mode， project-based learning and interdisciplinary attention， core literacy and stem Education is closely related to each other. Suggestions are put forward to strengthen the cultivation of normal students' creativity， interdisciplinary knowledge integration， project-based learning training of core literacy and simulated teaching scene training， so as to provide reference for the reform of relevant normal professional curriculum system in Colleges and universities.

Key words： STEM education; maker education; Primary and Secondary education; Information technology; Training of normal university students; VOSViewer

1 引言

在创新型人才培养的背景下，STEM教育和创客教育已被世界各国作为国家教育战略提出。作为一种新型教育模式，STEM教育和创客教育通过“项目驱动性”“学习共同体”“跨学科知识整合”“实践应用”等特点，可以有效增强中小学生的创新意识和实践合作能力。但这也要求开展STEM教育和创客教育的教师必须具备综合的学科知识、较强的实践动手能力和创新意识，并且热爱分享和创造。因此对中小学信息技术学科教师提出了新的要求，也迫使高校转变对计算机科学与技术、教育技术等师范专业学生的培养模式[1]。

目前的研究多针对中小学领域，只有少量讨论高师院校信息技术学科师范生的培养问题。……