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中国与美国、日本、欧盟和国际食品法典委员会关于禽类产品中兽药最大残留限量标准的对比

2021-07-23陈晋元贺兆源卢阳谢恺舟张跟喜张涛戴国俊

江苏农业学报 2021年3期

陈晋元 贺兆源 卢阳 谢恺舟 张跟喜 张涛 戴国俊

摘要: 旨在对中国关于禽类产品中兽药最大残留限量的新旧标准进行对比并将新标准与美国、日本等发达国家以及国际组织关于禽类产品中兽药最大残留限量标准进行对比。结果表明,中国禽类产品中兽药的最大残留限量新标准与旧标准相比,内容上已经更为完善,与国外的差距逐渐缩小。通过对比研究发现了中国标准的不足之处,并提出相关建议,以期为进一步完善中国禽类产品中兽药的最大残留限量标准提供参考。

关键词: 兽药;最大残留限量标准;禽类产品

中图分类号: S859.84 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)03-0754-09

Comparison of the standards about the maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in poultry products between China and USA, Japan, European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission

CHEN Jin-yuan1,2, HE Zhao-yuan1,2, LU Yang1,2, XIE Kai-zhou1,2, ZHANG Gen-xi1,2, ZHANG Tao1,2,DAI Guo-jun1,2

(1.College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2.Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China)

Abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the old and new domestic standards about the maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in poultry products, and to compare the maximum veterinary drug residue limit in poultry products between the new standard and the standards of the United States, Japan and other developed countries and international organizations. The results showed that, the content of the Chinese new standard about the maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in poultry products was improved compared with the old standard, and the gap between Chinese new standard and foreign standards gradually narrowed. Deficiencies of the domestic standard were found through comparative study, and relevant suggestions were proposed to provide reference for further improvement of the domestic standard about the maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in poultry products.

Key words: veterinary drug;maximum residue limits (MRLs) standard;poultry products

兽药的使用会使畜禽产品中存在兽药原形及其代谢产物的残留,而食用含有残留兽药的畜禽产品会产生许多不良影響,危害人们的身体健康[1-4],如引起体内菌群失调、胃肠道感染[5]、过敏反应和变态反应等[6-8],并能产生致癌、致畸、致突变等作用[9-14]。因此,制定兽药最大残留限量(Maximum residue limits, MRLs)标准,并对动物性产品进行兽药残留量的检测是必不可少的流程。2019年9月6日发布的GB 31650-2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》[15]自2020年4月1日开始实施,此标准将替代原农业部公告第235号《动物性食品中兽药残留最高限量》中的相关部分[16]。美国的兽药最大残留限量标准由美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)管理并制定[17],发布于美国联邦法规(CFR)第21卷第556部分[18]。日本的兽药最大残留限量标准由日本肯定列表及日本食品化学研究会制定,限量标准多且较严格[19]。……

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