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不同培养基质和肥力水平对兰州百合小鳞茎生长的影响

2021-07-23刘高峰巨秀婷唐楠唐道城

江苏农业学报 2021年3期
关键词:产量

刘高峰 巨秀婷 唐楠 唐道城

摘要: 为探究不同培养基质和肥力水平对兰州百合小鳞茎生长的影响,分别在5种培养基质中进行不同施肥水平试验,并连续2年对其主要形态指标进行测定。试验结果表明:培养基质中速效钾含量与小鳞茎周径、鲜质量、根数呈极显著正相关,基质可溶性盐浓度(EC值)与小鳞茎鲜质量、根长、根数呈极显著负相关。在进口草炭∶蛭石∶河沙=1∶1∶1(质量比)培养条件下,2019年的小鳞茎鲜质量为4.51 g,周径为6.39 cm,产量为2 560.33 g/m2,生长势表现最好,为小鳞茎看护培养的最佳种植条件。

关键词: 兰州百合;小鳞茎;培养基质;施肥水平;产量

中图分类号: S682.2+9 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)03-0718-06

Effects of different media and fertility levels on the growth of bulblets of Lilium davidii var.unicolor Salisb

LIU Gao-feng1,2, JU Xiu-ting1,2, TANG Nan1,2, TANG Dao-cheng1,2

(1.Plateau Flower Research Center of Qinghai University, Xining 810016;2.Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Landscape Plants Research,Xining 810016, China)

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different culture media and fertility levels on the growth of Lanzhou lily bulblets, experiments of different fertilization levels were carried out in five culture media, and the main morphological indicators were measured for two consecutive years. The test results showed that the content of available potassium in the culture medium was in extremely significant positive correlation with the circum ference, fresh weight and root number of the bulblets, and the soluble salt concentration (EC value) of the substrate was in extremely significant negative correlation with the fresh weight, root length and root number of the bulblets. Under the cultivation condition of imported peat∶ vermiculite∶river sand =1∶1∶1 (mass ratio), the fresh mass of bulblets was 4.51 g, the circumference was 6.39 cm, the yield was 2 560.33 g/m2, and the growth vigor was the best, indicating the cultivation condition was the best for bulblets.

Key words: Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb;bulblet;culture matrix;fertility levels;yield

蘭州百合(Lilium davidii var. unicolor Salisb)是百合科(Liliaceae)百合属(Lilium)川百合的变种,为多年生球根观赏花卉[1]。兰州百合花色鲜艳绚丽,可用于观赏;鳞茎富含人体所需的营养元素,具有食用、保健价值[2]。兰州百合作为唯一的食用甜百合,是高原旱作条件下的特色产业。兰州百合目前主要分布在甘肃、青海、宁夏和新疆等地。近年来,兰州百合生产面积不断扩大,生产区域发展迅速,然而在有限的土地上无法实现轮作倒茬,农民世代种植导致土壤养分平衡被打破,病虫害频发且严重,鳞茎营养品质下滑,产量降低。因此,研究兰州百合配套栽培技术,提高兰州百合产量和品质是目前生产中亟待解决的问题。

兰州百合以无性繁殖为主,包括鳞茎自然繁殖、仔球繁殖、扦插繁殖、组培等。鳞片扦插是百合繁殖小鳞茎的重要方式,其操作简单,繁殖系数高,每一个小鳞茎都可以发育成为一个新个体。……

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