于淑婷 万群 余向阳 陈小龙 方香玲

摘要： 从多年地膜污染棉田土壤中分离纯化出邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）降解真菌，筛选分离出对PAEs降解效果良好的3株非致病真菌PAE1、PAE6、PAE8，经形态学特征及 18S rDNA 序列分析，分别鉴定为菌核生枝顶孢霉（Acremonium sclerotigenum）、辐毛鬼伞（Coprinellus radians）、耐盐枝孢菌（Cladosporium halotolerans）。3株真菌在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 （DBP）起始质量分数为10 mg/kg时降解效率最高，PAE6降解率达68.4%。3株真菌均能降解多种PAEs，推测出其降解生物代谢路径为：PAE→单酯→PA→PCA→CO2+H2O。将3株真菌接种到DBP及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DEHP）污染的土壤中，接菌后21 d，DBP及DEHP降解率分别为47.2%～70.6%、54.1%～73.4%，其中PAE6对DEHP的降解率最高，达73.4%。表明3株真菌对土壤中DBP及DEHP污染具有良好的修复作用。

关键词： 邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）;降解真菌;降解特性;土壤修复

中图分类号： X592 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）03-0660-07

Isolation， degradation characterization of phthalate-degrading fungi and their application in phthalate-contaminated soil

YU Shu-ting 1， WAN Qun2， YU Xiang-yang2， CHEN Xiao-long2， FANG Xiang-ling1

（1.College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology， Lanzhou University， Lanzhou 730020， China;2.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing 210014， China）

Abstract： Three non-pathogenic fungi PAE1， PAE6， PAE8 with good degradation effect on phthalate esters （PAEs） were isolated after the PAEs degradation fungi were separated and purified from the cotton field soil contaminated by plastic film for many years in Xinjiang. Fungi PAE1， PAE6 and PAE8 were identified as Acremonium sclerotigenum， Coprinellus radians and Cladosporium halotolerans respectively based on the morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Three fungi reached the maximum degradation efficiency when the initial mass fraction of dibutyl phthalate （DBP） was 10 mg/kg， and the degradation rate of PAEs was 68.4%. The three fungi could degrade a variety of PAEs， and it was speculated that their biodegradable metabolic pathway was PAE→monoester→PA→PCA→CO2+H2O. The three fungi were inoculated in the soil contaminated by DBP and dioctyl phthalate （DEHP）， the degradation rate of DBP and DEHP were 47.2%-70.6% and 54.1%-73.4% respectively 21 days after inoculation， and the degradation rate of PAE6 against DEHP was 73.4%， and was the highest. The results indicated that three fungi showed good repairing effect in the soil contaminated by DBP and DEHP.

Key words： phthalic acid esters （PAEs）;degrading fungi;degradation characteristics;soil repair

鄰苯二甲酸酯（Phthalic acid esters，PAEs）主要用于聚氯乙烯材料，起到增塑剂的作用，被普遍应用于化妆品、清洁产品、包装材料、医用材料及玩具等数百种产品中。由于其应用广泛及不科学的处理方式，PAEs在土壤、沉积物、水体、大气等环境中[1-3]甚至生物体[4]中均有不同程度的检出，成为各类环境中常见有机污染物之一。PAEs污染不仅对农田土壤质量和农业生产造成不利影响[5-7]，其在生物体内积累并干扰内分泌的毒性对人类健康也具有潜在风险[8-9]。微生物降解修复是最快速有效的修复手段，也是目前研究的热点。

近年来对PAEs降解菌的研究主要为细菌方向，大量高效降解菌株已经从各类环境中分离得到。韩永和等[10]发现，Sphingomonas、Comamonas、Pseudomonas、Arthobacter和 Rodococcus等属的细菌具备降解PAEs能力，李方方等[11]的……