孟佳丽 吴绍军 沈虹 周玲玲 张黎杰 余翔

摘要： 以未經任何处理的种植1年西瓜的土壤为对照，采用高通量测序技术分析生石灰、敌克松、根宝、枯草芽孢杆菌、甲霜噁霉灵处理对西瓜连作土壤微生物群落的影响，并揭示土壤微生物群落与土壤养分含量及理化性质的相关性。结果表明，连作后土壤中的细菌菌群相对丰度降低，真菌菌群相对丰度增加。经过枯草芽孢杆菌处理的土壤中芽孢杆菌属菌群相对丰度提高。经过敌克松处理的土壤中水小杆菌属菌群相对丰度明显高于其他处理。连作后土壤中镰刀菌属真菌的比例上升。敌克松和根宝处理后，土壤中红菇属、曲霉属菌群相对丰度升高，镰刀菌属菌群相对丰度降低。芽孢杆菌属菌群相对丰度与铵态氮含量呈显著正相关，与土壤EC值呈显著负相关。类诺卡氏菌属菌群的相对丰度与土壤EC值呈极显著负相关。相对细菌菌群而言，真菌菌群受土壤理化性质影响较小。镰刀菌属真菌与土壤EC值呈显著正相关。说明，西瓜连作土壤采用杀菌剂处理或适量添加生物有机肥和微生物菌剂有利于土壤微生态环境的改善。

关键词： 土壤处理;连作障碍;微生物群落;西瓜

中图分类号： S651 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）03-0651-09

Effects of different chemical treatments on continuous cropping soil of watermelon

MENG Jia-li， WU Shao-jun， SHEN Hong， ZHOU Ling-ling， ZHANG Li-jie， YU Xiang

（Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Suqian 223800， China）

Abstract： Taking the untreated soil in which watermelons were cultivated continuously for one-year as control， the effects of quicklime， Dixon， Genbo， Bacillus subtilis and metalaxyl-hymexazol on the microbial community in soils of continuous cropping watermelon were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology， and correlations between soil microbial community and soil nutrient content， physical and chemical properties were revealed. The results showed that， the relative abundance of bacterial flora in the soils decreased after continuous cropping， and the relative abundance of fungal flora increased. The relative abundance of Bacillus flora in the soils treated with Bacillus subtilis increased. The relative abundance of Aquabacterium flora in soils treated with Dixon was significantly higher than other treatments. The proportion of Fusarium fungi in the soil increased after continuous cropping. The relative abundance of Russula and Aspergillus floras increased and the relative abundance of Fusarium flora decreased in the soils treated with Dixon and Genbo. The relative abundance of Bacillus flora in the soils was in significant positive correlation with ammonium nitrogen content， and was in significant negative correlation with soil EC value. The relative abundance of Nocardioides flora was in extreme significant negative correlation with soil EC value. Compared with the bacterial flora， the fungal flora was less affected by the physical and chemical properties of the soils. The abundance of Fusarium community was in significant positive correlation with soil EC value. In the continuously cropping soils of watermelon， the soil micro-ecological environment was improved by fungicides treatment or appropriate bio-organic fertilizer and microbial agent treatment.

Key words： soil treatment;continuous cropping obstacle;microbial community;watermelon

据联合国粮农组织（FAO）统计，2018年世界西瓜种植总面积3.24×106 hm2，总产量1.03×108 t。中国西瓜种植总面积1.50×106 hm2，总产量6.30×107 t。目前中国有2个西瓜主产区：中南产区和华东产区。中南产区包括河南、湖南等地，华东产区包括山东、安徽、江苏等地。……