刘欣 刘婷婷 何晓斐

摘  要：文章在企业调研的基础上，对2020年新冠疫情暴发后上海民营企业在经营环境、人才与用工环境、贸易与融资环境、公共服务与政策环境、财税与司法保障环境等五大方面的现状与问题进行了分析。结果表明，2020疫后上海民营企业营商环境中，企业经营环境相对欠佳，企业面临市场需求下降、现金流不足、经营成本上升等经营困难;员工稳定性及薪酬待遇均有所下降的情况下，职场焦虑不断蔓延、数字化转型浮于表面;企业进出口业务明显下降、国际订单不确定性增加，企业融资渠道单一、融资难、融资贵等问题凸显;企业对政府清单有迫切需求，并且企业对于税收补贴等实际优惠十分关心。通过对上海民营企业营商环境所面对的问题与困境的梳理，以期为政府优化上海营商环境提供有价值的政策建议。

关键词：疫后;民营企业;营商环境

中图分类号：F273    文献标识码：A

Abstract： On the basis of enterprise research， this paper analyzes the current situation and problems of private enterprises in Shanghai in five aspects： business environment， talent and employment environment， trade and financing environment， public service and policy environment， finance and taxation and judicial security environment. The results show that in the business environment of Shanghai private enterprises after 2020 epidemic， the business environment of enterprises is relatively poor， enterprises are faced with business difficulties such as the decline of market demand， insufficient cash flow， and rising operating costs; with the decline of employee stability and salary， workplace anxiety continues to spread， and digital transformation is floating on the surface; import and export business of enterprises decreases significantly， and international orders are not with the increase of certainty， the problems such as single financing channel， difficult financing and expensive financing are highlighted; enterprises have an urgent demand for the government list， and enterprises are very concerned about the actual benefits such as tax subsidies. This paper aims to provide valuable policy suggestions for the government to optimize the business environment of Shanghai by sorting out the problems and dilemmas faced by private enterprises in Shanghai.

Key words： post epidemic; private enterprises; business environment

0  引  言

2019年10月，世界銀行发布《全球营商环境报告2020》，中国营商环境全球排名从46位升至第31位，跻身全球前40，连续两年入列全球优化营商环境改善幅度最大的十大经济体。但突如其来的新冠疫情给营商环境带来新的影响。2020年上半年，新冠肺炎疫情在全国蔓延，全国各地各行各业被迫按下暂停键，给百姓健康和国民经济发展带来巨大冲击，中小微企业为主体的民营企业作为经济发展的晴雨表首当其冲。在后疫情时代，对营商环境进行“革命性再造”将为上海实现高质量发展创造更好的环境。……