非视距条件下航站楼定位算法优化
2021-07-22丁亚男张旭徐振国汤健
丁亚男 张旭 徐振国 汤健
摘 要:为了解决超宽带(Ultra Wide Band,UWB)在机场航站楼室内环境中因非视距(Non Line of Sight, NLOS)传播带来的定位误差问题,提出了一种改进的信号到达时间差法。首先,采用粒子滤波算法建立基站到移动节点的距离误差模型,结合误差阈值对测量值进行修正;再将修正后的值代入Chan算法得到移动节点的初始估计位置。最后,将初始估计位置值带入Taylor级数展开算法,迭代估计出移动节点的精确位置。仿真表明,该算法在含有非视距误差的室内定位效果上优于传统的Chan、Taylor级数展开法,且迭代次数少于Taylor级数展开算法的迭代次数,并有很好的抗噪声干扰的能力。
关键词:航站楼;室内定位;超宽带;非视距传播;粒子滤波
中图分类号:TP301.6 文獻标识码:A
Abstract: In order to solve the positioning error caused by ultra wide band in the indoor environment of airport terminal due to non-line of sight propagation, an improved signal arrival time difference method is proposed. Firstly, the distance error model between the anchor point and the moving target is established by using the particle filter algorithm, and the measured value is modified by combining the error threshold. Then, the modified value is substituted into the Chan algorithm to get the initial position of the moving target at the initial estimate. Finally, the initial position value is substituted into the Taylor series expansion algorithm to iteratively estimate the exact position of the moving target. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional Chan and Taylor series expansion method in terms of indoor positioning effect with non-line-of-sight error, and the number of iterations is less than the number of iterations of the Taylor series expansion algorithm, and it has good anti-noise interference capability.
Key words: terminal; indoor positioning; UWB; NLOS; particle filtering
0 引 言
机场司于2020年1月3日在北京组织召开了“提升民航建设项目规划设计能力座谈会”。会上指出,室内定位技术在机场的实施情况普遍程度较低。室内位置服务作为实现万物互联的基础,随着物联网的发展,不论是机场内部需求还是旅客对机场的高要求,在机场内部实行室内定位技术的呼声都越来越高。超宽带定位技术因其在定位精度和实时性上的优势,被广泛应用在室内定位中。UWB技术是一种被广泛使用的新型无线通信技术,凭借它带宽大、信号容量大、传输速率高的优势,避免了信号在传播过程中衰减的问题,有极强的穿透能力且可与其他通信系统友好共存,能够实现室内环境下高精度的定位。……
