电涌保护器在建筑物防雷设计中的应用
2021-07-20张琳然
张琳然

[摘 要]雷电灾害的发生,会产生巨大经济损失。在现代科技支持下,出现了大量通信设备、电力设备、高精密仪器,雷伤灾害会加剧设备仪器损伤,危害整个电力系统的发展。传统防雷措施多为接地装置、引下线、接闪杆等,无法满足建筑防雷需求,因此必须做好信号、电源防雷保护。通过安装电涌保护器,能够优化建筑防雷设计。文章重点分析电涌保护器在建筑物防雷设计中的应用效果。
[关键词]电涌保护器;建筑物;防雷设计;应用
[中图分类号]TU895 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487(2021)03–0–02
[Abstract]The occurrence of lightning disasters will cause huge economic losses. With the support of modern science and technology, a large number of communication equipment, power equipment, and high-precision instruments have appeared. Lightning disasters will exacerbate the damage of equipment and instruments and endanger the development of the entire power system. Traditional lightning protection measures are mostly grounding devices, down conductors, lightning rods, etc., which cannot meet the lightning protection requirements of buildings. Therefore, signal and power lightning protection must be done. By installing surge protectors, the lightning protection design of buildings can be optimized. This article focuses on analyzing the application effects of surge protectors in the lightning protection design of buildings.
[Keywords]surge protector; building; lightning protection design; application
雷電防护属于系统化工程,对于防雷系统,牵扯到外部、内部防雷设施。应注重防直击雷装置优化,配置感应雷防护装置,确保电涌保护器应用的合理性,同时保证防护设计规划的全面性。电涌保护器可以对电路瞬时过电压进行限制,泻放电涌电流,确保电路电压小于线路承受极限,并且将系统所产生的强电流,顺利导入至地面,将多余能量释放,避免因短路、雷电、电源切换,产生过电压潜在危险。
1 感应雷电危害
1.1 静电感应危害
当区域内出现雷电云时,静电感应会影响建筑物、地面,从而出现相反电荷。在出现雷云后,雷击伤害发生所需时间,明显多于主放电过程时间,大地所积累的电荷比较多。雷击伤害后,雷云附带电荷,通过闪击作用,与地面异种电荷中和。对于小范围空间,架空导线的感应电荷、大地间电阻差异大,无法及时消散,此时就会形成局部感应高电压。在高压架空线上,可以达到300~400 kV。……
