吴孚桂 刘慧芳 聂佳俊 韦云飞 马启林

摘  要：盐胁迫是影响作物生长发育的重要环境因素之一。鉴定水稻耐盐新基因以及揭示其可能的机制并应用于新种质创制和新品种选育，是提高水稻耐盐性的重要途径之一。本研究以实验室自主选育的耐盐性不同的水稻品系58M和58L为材料，用0.6% NaCl处理0、6、24 h后收集水稻的幼穗，并进行转录组测序研究。结果发现，以0 h的幼穗为对照，58M品系在盐胁迫6 h后检测到表达上调基因1483个，下调基因1085个;盐胁迫24 h后上调基因937个，下调基因459个。58L品系在盐胁迫6 h后有931个基因上调，2614个下调基因;盐胁迫24 h后有930个基因上调，1299个下调基因。通过韦恩图分析发现，盐胁迫6 h后有178个基因在58M品系中上调，在58L中下调;盐胁迫24 h后有30个基因在58M品系中上调，在58L中下调。将这208个目标基因进行GO功能富集分析与KEGG pathway分析，GO分析发现，这些差异基因在生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个主类中，分别占40.43%、31.56%和28.01%;KEGG Pathway分析结果表明，这些差异基因显著富集的通路包括二萜类生物合成、氨基酸糖与核苷酸糖代谢、苯丙烷生物合成、生物素代谢、代谢通路、次生代谢产物的生物合成、α-亚麻酸代謝、脂肪酸生物合成和不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成等。另外，通过对目标基因的挖掘共发现5个重要的转录因子。本研究通过水稻幼穗转录组分析，为研究幼穗耐盐分子机制提供参考。

关键词：水稻;幼穗发育;盐胁迫;转录组;转录因子

中图分类号：S511      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Salt stress is one of the important environmental factors affecting crop growth and development. Identifying new salt tolerance genes and revealing their possible mechanisms and applying them to the creation of new germplasm and the selection of new varieties is one of the important ways to improve the salt tolerance of rice. In this study， 58M and 58L strains with different salt tolerance independently selected by the laboratory were used as experimental mate-rials. The young panicles of rice were collected after treatment with 0.6% NaCl for 0， 6 and 24 h， and the transcriptome sequencing study was conducted. The results showed that with 0 h young ears as the control， the 58M strain detected 1483 genes up-regulated and 1085 genes down-regulated after 6 h salt stress; 937 genes were up-regulated and 459 were down-regulated after 24 h salt stress. In the 58L strain， 931 genes were up-regulated and 2 614 were down-regulated after 6 h salt stress; 930 were up-regulated and 1 299 were down-regulated after 24h salt stress. Through the Venn diagram analysis， it was found that 178 genes were up-regulated in 58M strains and down-regulated in 58L after 6h salt stress; 30 genes were up-regulated in 58M and down-regulated in 58L after 24 h salt stress. These 208 target genes were subjected to GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. GO analysis found that these differential genes accounted for 40.43%， 31.56% and 28.01% respectively， in the three main categories of biological process， cellular component and molecular function; KEGG Pathway analysis results showed that the pathways of these differential genes were significantly enriched include diterpene biosynthesis， amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism， phenylpropane biosynthesis， biotin metabolism， metabolic pathways， biosynthesis of secondary metabolites， α-linolenic acid metabolism， fatty acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids etc. In addition， a total of five important transcription factors were discovered through the mining of target genes. This study would provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in young panicles through transcriptome analysis of rice young panicles.

Keywords： rice; young panicle development; salt stress; transcriptome; transcription factor

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.05.011

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）作为世界上主要的粮食作物之一，养活将近世界1/2的人口，在世界粮食生产和广大消费粮食作物中占据着重要位置。……