李春牛 李先民 黄展文 卢家仕 李琴 黄昌艳 卜朝阳

摘  要：以收集的16份茉莉花资源及50份实生种质为材料，以玉米B73为内参，采用流式细胞术估测茉莉花基因组大小，并以二倍体品种为对照，计算茉莉花染色体倍性。结果表明：内参与待测样品峰值能完全分开，无重叠峰，峰型清晰集中，可对茉莉花基因组大小进行有效估测;供试材料中有56份二倍体，基因组大小为0.54～0.63 Gb，有7份三倍体，基因组大小为0.79～0.96 Gb，有3份四倍体，基因组大小为1.04～1.12 Gb;从收集的资源中鉴定出二倍体和三倍体，未见四倍体，而从实生种质中鉴定出3个四倍体、2个三倍体，表明实生选种是茉莉花种质創新的一条有效途径;在已明确花冠类型的材料中，三倍体及四倍体均为单瓣型茉莉。该研究结果为茉莉花倍性育种及实生选种提供科学依据。

关键词：茉莉花;流式细胞术;基因组大小;染色体倍性;实生选种

中图分类号：S961.6      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Using Zea mays ‘B73 as the internal reference， the genome size of 66 Jasminum sambac germplasm （16 col-lected germplasms and 50 seedings） were estimated by the flow cytometry， and the ploidy was calculated using diploid as the control. Using Zea mays ‘B73 as the internal parameter could effectively estimate the genome size of J. sambac， the peaks of the samples under test could be separated completely， and no overlapping peaks and peaks could be clearly concentrated. 56 germplasms were diploid with genome size between 0.54 Gb and 0.63 Gb， Seven germplasms were triploid with genome size between 0.79 Gb and 0.96 Gb， Three germplasms were tetraploid with genome size range from 1.04 Gb to 1.12 Gb. Three tetraploid and two triploid were found in the seedings， which showing that seed selec-tion is an effective way of germplasm innovation for J. sambac. All the tetraploid and triploid blossomed were simple flower. The results of the study wouldl provide important reference basis for the ploidy breeding and seed selection of J. sambac.

Keywords： Jasminum sambac; flow cytometry; genome size; ploidy; seedling selection

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.05.005

茉莉花Jasminum sambac （L.） Ait.系木犀科（Oleaceae）素馨属（Jasminum）植物，原产于印度，现在我国南方和世界各地均有广泛栽培，可用于花茶加工、香精提取、观赏及药用等[1]。我国规模化种植茉莉花主要用于花茶加工，全国种植面积为12 300 hm2，年产鲜花为120 600 t，年产茉莉花茶为110 800 t[2]。根据花冠层数，茉莉花一般分为单瓣茉莉、双瓣茉莉及多瓣茉莉。单瓣茉莉花香型较好，多瓣茉莉花花冠大、花瓣多，观赏性更好。长期以来，我国茉莉花规模化种植品种单一，长期无性繁殖，品性退化、产量和质量不断下滑[3]，茉莉花育种迫在眉睫。

茉莉花自然结实低[4-6]。……